MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for L-Alanine (MMDBc0000049)

Microbial

Human

Plant

Animal

Pharmaceutical

Xenobiotic

Record Information

Version

2.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:28:31 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-28 02:57:38 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000049

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Alanine

Description

Alanine is a non-essential amino acid made in the body from either the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (branched-chain amino acids) are deficient. This finding may relate to muscle metabolism. Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an important participant as well as a regulator of glucose metabolism. Alanine levels parallel blood sugar levels in both diabetes and hypoglycemia, and alanine reduces both severe hypoglycemia and the ketosis of diabetes. It is an important amino acid for lymphocyte reproduction and immunity. Alanine therapy has helped dissolve kidney stones in experimental animals. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, like GABA, taurine, and glycine, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/). L-Alanine has been found to be associated with glucagon deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Molecular Formula

C₃H₇NO₂

Average Mass

89.0932

Monoisotopic Mass

89.047678473

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

56-41-7

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1

InChI Key

QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Chromatography Type	Technique	Column	Deposition Date	Retention Time (s)
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH Amide column (eluted)	2025-10-23	470.9
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Accucore 150 Amide HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	355.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Hypersil Gold 1.9 µm C18 (void)	2025-10-23	38.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	238.5
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm (void)	2025-10-23	282.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Ascentis Express C18 (void)	2025-10-23	359.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	520.4
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	751.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	833.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	229.5
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	457.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	249.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	60.8
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	382.9
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	635.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	87.8
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	316.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex (void)	2025-10-23	631.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	584.3

Retention Indices

Chromatography Type	Peak Label	SMILES	Stationary Phase	Deposition Date	Retention Index
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_1	C[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1865.16
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_2	C[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2037.48
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_3	C[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1737.76
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_4	C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2294.69
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_5	C[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2046.69
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_1	C[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1965.71
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_2	C[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	2426.29
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_3	C[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1963.42
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_4	C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1797.75
Gas Chromatography	L-Alanine_TMS_5	C[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2195.58

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Peroxisome

Biospecimen Locations

All Tissues
Blood
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Sweat
Urine

Tissue Locations

All Tissues
Placenta
Prostate

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191918	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P80404	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191994	Kynureninase	Unknown	Q16719	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192063	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	Enzyme	Q9BYV1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192267	Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	Enzyme	P49588	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192409	Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Unknown	P21549	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192470	Alanine aminotransferase 1	Enzyme	P24298	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193398	Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1	Enzyme	O75594	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193522	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2	Transporter	Q9UHI5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193562	Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9Y697	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193772	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3	Transporter	Q99624	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193821	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Unknown	P43007	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193923	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Transporter	Q7Z2H8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193926	Alanine aminotransferase 2	Enzyme	Q8TD30	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193983	Selenocysteine lyase	Enzyme	Q96I15	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194001	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	Transporter	Q8TF71	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195724	5-phosphohydroxy-L-lysine phospho-lyase	Enzyme	Q8IUZ5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195727	Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase	Enzyme	Q96EN8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196033	Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3	Enzyme	Q96LB9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196034	Peptidoglycan recognition protein 4	Enzyme	Q96LB8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196259	Alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	Enzyme	Q5JTZ9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196922	N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase	Unknown	Q96PD5

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank
Protein Synthesis: Alanine

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

This table shows at most 5 pathways. For the full list of associated pathways:

See All Associated Bacterial Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	Species
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis		Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli UTI89 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Mycobacterium marinum M Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z Escherichia coli CFT073 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas stutzeri Mycobacterium tuberculosis Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC 13350 Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Streptococcus pneumoniae Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT) Salmonella enterica Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Helicobacter pylori Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20 Clostridium perfringens Clostridium sporogenes Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 Methanoculleus marisnigri Lactobacillus fermentum IFO 3956 Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 Shewanella denitrificans OS217 Acidaminococcus fermentans DSM 20731 Acidaminococcus intestini RyC-MR95 Acinetobacter baumannii Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 Alistipes finegoldii DSM 17242 Anaerococcus prevotii DSM 20548 Anaerostipes caccae Anaerostipes hadrus Arcobacter butzleri RM4018 Bacillus cereus AH187 (F4810/72) Bacillus halodurans C-125 Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus OF4 Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Bacteroides caccae Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Bacteroides eggerthii Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides fragilis 638R Bacteroides fragilis YCH46 Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides stercoris Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 Bacteroides vulgatus Bacteroides xylanisolvens XB1A Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium adolescentis Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium longum DJO10A Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum JDM301 Bifidobacterium mongoliense DSM 21395 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 Blautia hansenii DSM 20583 Blautia obeum A2-162 Blautia obeum ATCC 29174 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus 82-40 Campylobacter hominis ATCC BAA-381 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 Clostridium saccharolyticum Clostridium sticklandii Collinsella aerofaciens Coprococcus catus GD/7 Dorea formicigenerans ATCC 27755 Dysgonomonas gadei ATCC BAA-286 Eggerthella lenta DSM 2243 Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 Eubacterium eligens ATCC 27750 Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656 Eubacterium siraeum 70/3 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 Geobacter metallireducens Gordonibacter pamelaeae 7-10-1-b Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1 Limosilactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus paracasei Lactobacillus reuteri Megamonas hypermegale Methanobrevibacter smithii Methanobrevibacter smithii ATCC 35061 Methylobacterium nodulans Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301 Odoribacter splanchnicus DSM 20712 Parabacteroides distasonis Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 Parabacteroides goldsteinii dnLKV18 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica DSM 20707 Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 Prevotella intermedia Prevotella ruminicola 23 Roseburia hominis A2-183 Ruminococcus bicirculans Ruminococcus champanellensis 18P13 = JCM 17042 Ruminococcus torques L2-14 Streptococcus salivarius lactobacillus crispatus lactobacillus jensenii lactobacillus vaginalis Buchnera aphidicola Pelobacter carbinolicus Spirochaeta thermophila Campylobacter concisus Campylobacter curvus Campylobacter lari Campylobacter rectus Campylobacter showae Thermus thermophilus Comamonas testosteroni Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas campestris Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Methylococcus capsulatus Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria flavescens Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria mucosa Acidiphilium cryptum Chromobacterium violaceum Citrobacter koseri Proteus mirabilis Shigella boydii Shigella dysenteriae Shigella flexneri Shigella sonnei Aeromonas hydrophila Vibrio cholerae Vibrio vulnificus Bacteroides uniformis Campylobacter gracilis Fusobacterium gonidiaformans Fusobacterium periodonticum Fusobacterium ulcerans Syntrophomonas wolfei Desulfovibrio salexigens Desulfovibrio piger Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Cytophaga hutchinsonii Capnocytophaga ochracea Capnocytophaga sputigena Rhodopseudomonas palustris Chlorobium phaeobacteroides Leuconostoc mesenteroides Ruminococcus albus Staphylococcus epidermidis Deinococcus radiodurans Streptococcus gordonii Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus sanguinis Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus equinus Streptococcus equi Streptococcus uberis Enterococcus gallinarum Lancefieldella rimae Bacillus licheniformis Priestia megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus pumilus Bacillus thuringiensis Clostridium butyricum Moorella thermoacetica Clostridium kluyveri Clostridium novyi Weissella confusa Lactobacillus delbrueckii Lactobacillus helveticus Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus gasseri Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus amylovorus Lactobacillus coryniformis Lactobacillus salivarius Listeria monocytogenes Actinomyces viscosus Bifidobacterium angulatum Cellulomonas flavigena Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium glutamicum Mycobacterium avium Mycoplasma capricolum Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Mycoplasma pulmonis Mycoplasma synoviae Mycoplasma arthritidis Mycoplasma mobile Methanococcus vannielii Desulfobacterium autotrophicum Methanosphaera stadtmanae Thermotoga neapolitana Xylella fastidiosa Roseobacter denitrificans Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Staphylococcus lugdunensis Acidothermus cellulolyticus Campylobacter upsaliensis Alistipes putredinis Mycoplasma penetrans Neisseria subflava Staphylococcus saprophyticus Pelobacter propionicus Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Enterococcus avium Lactobacillus johnsonii Eubacterium brachy Helicobacter pullorum Thiobacillus denitrificans Helicobacter bilis Enterococcus casseliflavus Eubacterium eligens Eubacterium ramulus Eubacterium ventriosum Sulfurimonas denitrificans Veillonella atypica Veillonella dispar Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Leptotrichia buccalis Actinosynnema mirum Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus Enterococcus cecorum Streptococcus cristatus Mitsuokella multacida Brachyspira pilosicoli Enterococcus durans Blautia hydrogenotrophica Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans Desulfotomaculum reducens Burkholderia vietnamiensis Holdemania filiformis Sodalis glossinidius Methanocaldococcus infernus Streptococcus peroris Enterobacter cancerogenus Methanocaldococcus vulcanius Alloprevotella tannerae Streptococcus constellatus Bifidobacterium gallicum Bacillus clausii Bacillus pseudofirmus Methanocaldococcus fervens Lactobacillus amylolyticus Methanobrevibacter ruminantium Clostridium methylpentosum Bacillus selenitireducens Achromobacter xylosoxidans Burkholderia multivorans Dorea longicatena Peptacetobacter hiranonis Burkholderia cenocepacia Actinomyces urogenitalis Methylibium petroleiphilum Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans Citrobacter youngae Ureaplasma parvum Leuconostoc kimchii Collinsella stercoris Lactobacillus iners Streptococcus lutetiensis Burkholderia ambifaria Ignicoccus hospitalis Prevotella copri Ilyobacter polytropus Marvinbryantia formatexigens Anaerotruncus colihominis Alicycliphilus denitrificans Desulfovibrio magneticus Shewanella denitrificans Methylocella silvestris Bacteroides massiliensis Escherichia albertii Subdoligranulum variabile Dialister invisus Geobacter bemidjiensis Lactobacillus gastricus Lactobacillus antri Lactobacillus ultunensis Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae Bacteroides nordii Bacteroides plebeius Phocaeicola coprocola Bacteroides pyogenes Geobacter lovleyi Streptococcus gallolyticus Syntrophus aciditrophicus Bacteroides intestinalis Bacteroides salanitronis Coprococcus comes Actinomyces oris Bacteroides fluxus Bacteroides oleiciplenus Bacteroides faecis Agrobacterium tumefaciens Alistipes finegoldii Alistipes shahii Bacteroides helcogenes Bacteroides xylanisolvens Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium catenulatum Blautia hansenii Blautia obeum Campylobacter coli Campylobacter hominis Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium beijerinckii Dorea formicigenerans Dysgonomonas gadei Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus hirae Fusobacterium nucleatum Gemella sanguinis Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella variicola Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus ruminis Lactococcus lactis Leuconostoc citreum Odoribacter splanchnicus Parabacteroides goldsteinii Porphyromonas asaccharolytica Prevotella ruminicola Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus parasanguinis Streptococcus suis Streptococcus thermophiles Veillonella parvula Gemella haemolysans Rothia dentocariosa Rothia mucilaginosa Granulicatella adiacens Actinomyces graevenitzii Barnesiella intestinihominis Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 Acinetobacter baumannii SDF Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5b str. L20 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 3 str. JL03 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 str. AP76 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum DSM 20595 Atopobium parvulum DSM 20469 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27 Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Bacillus cereus B4264 Bacillus cereus AH820 Bacillus cereus G9842 Bacillus cereus Q1 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii str. W23 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 Bartonella quintana str. Toulouse Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AD011 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Buchnera aphidicola str. APS (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Sg (Schizaphis graminum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Bp (Baizongia pistaciae) Buchnera aphidicola str. Cc (Cinara cedri) Buchnera aphidicola str. 5A (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei 269.97 Campylobacter curvus 525.92 Campylobacter concisus 13826 Campylobacter lari RM2100 Capnocytophaga ochracea DSM 7271 Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX Chlamydia trachomatis A/HAR-13 Chlamydia trachomatis L2b/UCH-1/proctitis Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 Clostridium perfringens str. 13 Clostridium botulinum A str. Hall Clostridium botulinum B1 str. Okra Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 Clostridium sticklandii DSM 519 Clostridium sp. SY8519 Clostridium perfringens SM101 Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii DSM 44385 Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 Cryptobacterium curtum DSM 15641 Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 Escherichia coli APEC O1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69 Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328 Haemophilus influenzae 86-028NP Haemophilus influenzae PittGG Helicobacter pylori J99 Helicobacter pylori G27 Helicobacter pylori P12 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Kocuria rhizophila DC2201 Kytococcus sedentarius DSM 20547 Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 23K Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 Lactobacillus helveticus DPC 4571 Lactobacillus amylovorus GRL 1112 Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 Laribacter hongkongensis HLHK9 Leptotrichia buccalis C-1013-b Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 Methanosphaera stadtmanae DSM 3091 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Methylobacterium populi BJ001 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 Mobiluncus curtisii ATCC 43063 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K-10 Mycobacterium avium 104 Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 Neisseria meningitidis MC58 Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 Neisseria meningitidis FAM18 Neisseria meningitidis 053442 Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945 Tropheryma whipplei str. Twist Escherichia coli 042 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 Edwardsiella tarda FL6-60 Filifactor alocis ATCC 35896 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 25745 Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii CIRM-BIA1 Proteus mirabilis HI4320 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Pseudomonas putida GB-1 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 Rothia mucilaginosa DY-18 Rothia dentocariosa ATCC 17931 Ruminococcus albus 7 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT02021853 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella dysenteriae Sd197 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Spirosoma linguale DSM 74 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435 Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3 Streptococcus agalactiae 2603V/R Streptococcus mutans UA159 Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10394 Streptococcus thermophilus LMG 18311 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS9429 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10270 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10750 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 Streptococcus gordonii str. Challis substr. CH1 Streptococcus pneumoniae Hungary19A-6 Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 Streptococcus uberis 0140J Streptococcus pneumoniae JJA Streptococcus equi subsp. equi 4047 Streptococcus oralis Uo5 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 Wolinella succinogenes DSM 1740 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Aquifex aeolicus Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838 Bacteroides eggerthii 1_2_48FAA Bacteroides fluxus YIT 12057 Bacteroides graminisolvens Bacteroides graminisolvens DSM 19988 = JCM 15093 Bacteroides intestinalis DSM 17393 Bacteroides nordii CL02T12C05 Bacteroides oleiciplenus YIT 12058 Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 Bacteroides pyogenes DSM 20611 = JCM 6294 Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 Bacteroides xylanisolvens SD CC 1b Bacteroides sp. 1_1_14 Bacteroides sp. 1_1_30 Bacteroides sp. 2_1_22 Bacteroides sp. 2_2_4 Bacteroides sp. D2 Bacteroides sp. D20 Bacteroides sp. D22 Barnesiella intestinihominis YIT 11860 Butyricimonas virosa Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 Porphyromonas endodontalis Porphyromonas uenonis 60-3 Alloprevotella tannerae ATCC 51259 Paraprevotella clara YIT 11840 Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 Prevotella bivia DSM 20514 Prevotella buccae ATCC 33574 Prevotella denticola Prevotella disiens FB035-09AN Prevotella loescheii DSM 19665 = JCM 12249 = ATCC 15930 Prevotella oralis ATCC 33269 Prevotella pallens ATCC 700821 Prevotella salivae DSM 15606 Prevotella shahii DSM 15611 = JCM 12083 Prevotella timonensis CRIS 5C-B1 Alistipes indistinctus YIT 12060 Alistipes putredinis DSM 17216 Parabacteroides johnsonii DSM 18315 Parabacteroides sp. D13 Tannerella forsythia Bacteroides coprophilus DSM 18228 = JCM 13818 Bacteroides dorei DSM 17855 Spirosoma linguale Chlorobium limicola Cetobacterium somerae ATCC BAA-474 Fusobacterium gonidiaformans 3-1-5R Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis 4_8 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis 7_1 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis D11 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii 4_1_13 Fusobacterium periodonticum 1_1_41FAA Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii Bartonella quintana Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Azorhizobium caulinodans Xanthobacter autotrophicus Ehrlichia chaffeensis Rickettsia rickettsii Alcaligenes faecalis Burkholderia cepacia GG4 Lautropia mirabilis Lautropia mirabilis ATCC 51599 Parasutterella excrementihominis YIT 11859 Sutterella parvirubra Sutterella parvirubra YIT 11816 Laribacter hongkongensis Eikenella corrodens Eikenella corrodens ATCC 23834 Kingella oralis Kingella oralis ATCC 51147 Neisseria cinerea ATCC 14685 Neisseria elongata Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica ATCC 29315 Neisseria macacae Neisseria macacae ATCC 33926 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria mucosa ATCC 25996 Neisseria subflava NJ9703 Nitrosospira multiformis Methyloversatilis universalis Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 Desulfococcus oleovorans Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6 Desulfovibrio piger ATCC 29098 Arcobacter butzleri Campylobacter gracilis RM3268 Campylobacter hyointestinalis Campylobacter rectus RM3267 Campylobacter showae CSUNSWCD Campylobacter upsaliensis JV21 Helicobacter bilis ATCC 43879 Helicobacter pullorum MIT 98-5489 Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas media Aeromonas veronii Succinatimonas hippei Succinatimonas hippei YIT 12066 Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Allochromatium vinosum Cedecea davisae Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 Citrobacter amalonaticus Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia albertii TW07627 Klebsiella aerogenes Salmonella Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Trabulsiella guamensis Trabulsiella guamensis ATCC 49490 Tatumella ptyseos Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301 Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella tarda ATCC 23685 Hafnia alvei Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873 Morganella morganii Morganella morganii subsp. morganii KT Providencia rustigianii DSM 4541 Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Plesiomonas shigelloides 302-73 Legionella pneumophila Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Haemophilus haemolyticus Haemophilus sputorum Acinetobacter pittii Acinetobacter haemolyticus Acinetobacter johnsonii Acinetobacter johnsonii SH046 Acinetobacter junii SH205 Francisella tularensis Grimontia hollisae CIP 101886 Vibrio fluvialis Vibrio fluvialis PG41 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio mimicus Chlamydia trachomatis Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 Leptospira interrogans Borrelia recurrentis Treponema denticola Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans Actinomyces graevenitzii C83 Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii str. Howell 279 Actinomyces urogenitalis DSM 15434 Actinomyces viscosus C505 Mobiluncus curtisii Trueperella pyogenes Bifidobacterium stercoris JCM 15918 Bifidobacterium angulatum DSM 20098 = JCM 7096 Bifidobacterium boum Bifidobacterium catenulatum DSM 16992 = JCM 1194 = LMG 11043 Bifidobacterium gallicum DSM 20093 = LMG 11596 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCUG 52486 Bifidobacterium mongoliense Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum DSM 20438 = JCM 1200 = LMG 10505 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum Bifidobacterium thermophilum Scardovia inopinata F0304 Corynebacterium amycolatum Corynebacterium aurimucosum Corynebacterium durum Corynebacterium durum F0235 Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum SK141 Gordonia terrae C-6 Rhodococcus erythropolis Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium casei S18 Brevibacterium linens Microbacterium oleivorans Kocuria palustris PEL Rothia aeria F0474 Cellulosimicrobium cellulans Tropheryma whipplei Propionibacterium Streptomyces avermitilis Thermomonospora curvata Atopobium minutum 10063974 Lancefieldella rimae ATCC 49626 Olsenella profusa F0195 Collinsella intestinalis DSM 13280 Collinsella stercoris DSM 13279 Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 Cryptobacterium curtum Slackia exigua ATCC 700122 Slackia piriformis YIT 12062 Bacillus altitudinis Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911 Bacillus firmus DS1 Lysinibacillus sphaericus Listeria grayi Listeria grayi DSM 20601 Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856 Paenibacillus lactis 154 Gemella haemolysans ATCC 10379 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum Abiotrophia defectiva Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 Granulicatella adiacens ATCC 49175 Granulicatella elegans Granulicatella elegans ATCC 700633 Enterococcus asini ATCC 700915 Enterococcus caccae ATCC BAA-1240 Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 12755 Enterococcus cecorum DSM 20682 = ATCC 43198 Enterococcus dispar ATCC 51266 Enterococcus phoeniculicola ATCC BAA-412 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 8700:2 Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMS2-1 Lactobacillus amylolyticus DSM 11664 Lactobacillus iners DSM 13335 Lactobacillus ultunensis DSM 16047 Lactobacillus hilgardii DSM 20176 = ATCC 8290 Lactobacillus ruminis ATCC 25644 Lactobacillus salivarius DSM 20555 = ATCC 11741 Lactobacillus antri DSM 16041 Lactobacillus coleohominis 101-4-CHN Lactobacillus gastricus PS3 Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 Lactobacillus vaginalis DSM 5837 = ATCC 49540 Lactobacillus reuteri CF48-3A Lactobacillus reuteri MM4-1A Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis CECT 5711 Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 20284 Pediococcus pentosaceus Leuconostoc lactis Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris ATCC 19254 Oenococcus oeni Weissella cibaria Weissella paramesenteroides Weissella paramesenteroides ATCC 33313 Lactococcus garvieae Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis SK1060 = CCUG 46377 Streptococcus australis ATCC 700641 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus H70 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus MGCS10565 Streptococcus equinus ATCC 9812 Streptococcus infantis ATCC 700779 Streptococcus lutetiensis 033 Streptococcus vestibularis F0396 Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 1.2 Clostridium butyricum E4 str. BoNT E BL5262 Clostridium celatum DSM 1785 Clostridium sartagoforme AAU1 Anaerofustis stercorihominis Anaerofustis stercorihominis DSM 17244 Eubacterium ramulus ATCC 29099 Eubacterium ventriosum ATCC 27560 [Eubacterium] cellulosolvens 6 Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus ATCC 23263 Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662 Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 Blautia wexlerae Coprococcus comes ATCC 27758 Dorea longicatena DSM 13814 Clostridium asparagiforme DSM 15981 [Clostridium] bolteae ATCC BAA-613 Clostridium citroniae WAL-17108 [Clostridium] hylemonae DSM 15053 [Clostridium] symbiosum WAL-14163 Lachnospira multipara [Ruminococcus] gnavus ATCC 29149 [Ruminococcus] lactaris ATCC 29176 [Ruminococcus] torques ATCC 27756 Oribacterium sinus F0268 Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841 Peptostreptococcus stomatis DSM 17678 Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241 Flavonifractor plautii ATCC 29863 Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus ATCC 29799 Ruminococcus callidus ATCC 27760 Ruminococcus champanellensis Subdoligranulum variabile DSM 15176 [Clostridium] leptum DSM 753 [Eubacterium] siraeum DSM 15702 [Bacteroides] pectinophilus ATCC 43243 Mogibacterium timidum Mogibacterium timidum ATCC 33093 Eubacterium brachy ATCC 33089 Eubacterium saphenum ATCC 49989 Bulleidia extructa Bulleidia extructa W1219 Eggerthia catenaformis OT 569 = DSM 20559 [Clostridium] innocuum 2959 Clostridium spiroforme [Clostridium] spiroforme DSM 1552 Holdemania filiformis DSM 12042 Kandleria vitulina Kandleria vitulina DSM 20405 Solobacterium moorei F0204 Acidaminococcus intestini Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens YIT 12067 Mitsuokella multacida DSM 20544 Dialister invisus DSM 15470 Dialister succinatiphilus Dialister succinatiphilus YIT 11850 Megasphaera elsdenii Veillonella atypica ACS-049-V-Sch6 Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748 Anaerococcus hydrogenalis DSM 7454 Anaerococcus vaginalis ATCC 51170 Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270 Peptoniphilus harei ACS-146-V-Sch2b Peptoniphilus indolicus ATCC 29427 Halococcus morrhuae DSM 1307 Halococcus morrhuae Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Borrelia burgdorferi ZS7 Bordetella pertussis Tohama I Bordetella parapertussis 12822 Ralstonia eutropha H16 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. B100 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 8004 Vibrio cholerae M66-2 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 Clostridioides difficile 630 Clostridioides difficile NAP08 Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Eggerthella sp. YY7918 Faecalitalea cylindroides T2-87 Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans ISDg Lactobacillus ruminis ATCC 27782 Leuconostoc citreum KM20 Streptococcus mitis B6 Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 15912 Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213 Streptococcus pasteurianus ATCC 43144 Streptococcus suis GZ1 Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331 Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius DSM 446 Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF Alkaliphilus oremlandii OhILAs Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1 Arthrobacter sp. FB24 Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 Beutenbergia cavernae DSM 12333 Bifidobacterium dentium Bd1 Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316 Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator MP104C Onion yellows phytoplasma OY-M Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901 Catenulispora acidiphila DSM 44928 Cellulomonas flavigena DSM 20109 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB 382 Clostridium tetani E88 Clostridium novyi NT Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 Clostridium kluyveri NBRC 12016 Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Corynebacterium jeikeium K411 Corynebacterium glutamicum R Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109 Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100 Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 Dehalococcoides sp. CBDB1 Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 Deinococcus proteolyticus MRP Desulfotomaculum reducens MI-1 Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b Frankia alni ACN14a Frankia sp. EuI1c Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14019 Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043 Jonesia denitrificans DSM 20603 Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216 Kribbella flavida DSM 17836 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 Lactobacillus crispatus ST1 Leuconostoc kimchii IMSNU 11154 Listeria innocua Clip11262 Listeria welshimeri serovar 6b str. SLCC5334 Macrococcus caseolyticus JCSC5402 Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279 Mycobacterium leprae TN Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977 Mycobacterium leprae Br4923 Mycobacterium sp. Spyr1 Mycobacterium sp. JDM601 Mycobacterium canettii CIPT 140010059 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233 Natranaerobius thermophilus JW/NM-WN-LF Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Nocardioides sp. JS614 Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 13129 Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 Aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma AYWB Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus DSM 8903 Ureaplasma urealyticum serovar 10 str. ATCC 33699 Dictyoglomus turgidum DSM 6724 Mycoplasma conjunctivae HRC/581 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Mycoplasma leachii PG50 Mycoplasma haemofelis str. Langford 1 Thermobaculum terrenum ATCC BAA-798 Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 Rhodococcus opacus B4 Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Rhodococcus equi 103S Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017 Salinispora tropica CNB-440 Sanguibacter keddieii DSM 10542 Slackia heliotrinireducens DSM 20476 Sphaerobacter thermophilus DSM 20745 Stackebrandtia nassauensis DSM 44728 Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Streptococcus suis BM407 Streptococcus gallolyticus UCN34 Streptomyces scabiei 87.22 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus ATCC 33223 Thermoanaerobacter italicus Ab9 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 Thermobispora bispora DSM 43833 Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183 Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162 Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 str. ATCC 700970 Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 str. ATCC 27815 Xylanimonas cellulosilytica DSM 15894 Aspergillus nomiae NRRL 13137 Aspergillus novofumigatus Aspergillus novofumigatus IBT 16806 Aspergillus parasiticus SU-1 Aspergillus phoenicis Aspergillus ruber Aspergillus sclerotioniger Aspergillus glaucus Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC 16872 Aspergillus leporis Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 Aspergillus terreus NIH2624 Aspergillus wentii Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1 Aspergillus fischeri NRRL 181 Aspergillus fumigatus A1163 Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 Aspergillus calidoustus Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 Aspergillus taichungensis Aspergillus tamarii Aspergillus thermomutatus Aspergillus tubingensis Aspergillus violaceofuscus Aspergillus viridinutans Penicillium brasilianum Penicillium brevicompactum Penicillium canescens Penicillium chermesinum Penicillium citrinum Penicillium concentricum Penicillium daleae Penicillium decumbens Penicillium griseofulvum Penicillium hordei Penicillium italicum Penicillium nalgiovense Penicillium oxalicum Penicillium polonicum Penicillium roqueforti FM164 Penicillium solitum Penicillium steckii Penicillium thymicola Penicillium vulpinum Verticillium alfalfae VaMs.102 Trichoderma arundinaceum Trichoderma asperellum Trichoderma atroviride IMI 206040 Trichoderma citrinoviride Trichoderma harzianum Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichoderma parareesei Trichoderma reesei QM6a Trichoderma virens Trichoderma virens Gv29-8 Fusarium acutatum Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289 Fusarium mangiferae Fusarium nygamai Fusarium proliferatum ET1 Fusarium subglutinans Fusarium verticillioides 7600 Fusarium heterosporum Fusarium equiseti Fusarium oxysporum Fo5176 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 4287 Fusarium austroamericanum Fusarium graminearum PH-1 Fusarium poae Fusarium pseudograminearum CS3096 Fusarium sporotrichioides Fusarium vanettenii Fusarium vanettenii 77-13-4 Fusarium tricinctum Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1M Schaalia cardiffensis F0333 Schaalia odontolytica ATCC 17982 Schaalia turicensis ACS-279-V-Col4 Mycolicibacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum DSM 46621 = ATCC 6841 Rhodococcus hoagii ATCC 33707 Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici ATCC 4875 Cutibacterium granulosum DSM 20700 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris Anaerobutyricum hallii DSM 3353 Absiella dolichum DSM 3991 Holdemanella biformis DSM 3989 Bacteroides helcogenes P 36-108 Bacteroides salanitronis DSM 18170 Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Treponema succinifaciens DSM 2489 Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017 Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5 Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 Acidovorax sp. JS42 Acidovorax ebreus TPSY Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 Agrobacterium vitis S4 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601 Vibrio fischeri MJ11 Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii MLHE-1 Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-C Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5 Anaeromyxobacter sp. K Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1 Anaplasma phagocytophilum HZ Anaplasma marginale str. Florida Aquifex aeolicus VF5 Arcobacter nitrofigilis DSM 7299 Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 Azotobacter vinelandii DJ Bartonella bacilliformis KC583 Bartonella tribocorum CIP 105476 Bartonella grahamii as4aup Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica ATCC 9039 Bordetella petrii DSM 12804 Bordetella avium 197N Borrelia garinii PBi Borrelia afzelii PKo Borrelia turicatae 91E135 Borrelia hermsii DAH Borrelia duttonii Ly Borrelia recurrentis A1 Brachyspira hyodysenteriae WA1 Brachyspira murdochii DSM 12563 Brachyspira pilosicoli 95/1000 Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278 Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1 Brucella melitensis bv. 1 str. 16M Brucella abortus bv. 1 str. 9-941 Brucella ovis ATCC 25840 Brucella canis ATCC 23365 Brucella suis ATCC 23445 Brucella abortus S19 Brucella melitensis ATCC 23457 Brucella microti CCM 4915 Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b Burkholderia sp. 383 Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3 Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6 Burkholderia phymatum STM815 Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Burkholderia rhizoxinica HKI 454 Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus 5a2 Candidatus Azobacteroides pseudotrichonymphae genomovar. CFP2 Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus Candidatus Blochmannia pennsylvanicus str. BPEN Candidatus Carsonella ruddii PV Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa 5AT (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Candidatus Koribacter versatilis Ellin345 Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus str. psy62 Candidatus Moranella endobia PCIT Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1062 Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense Candidatus Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25 Candidatus Riesia pediculicola USDA Candidatus Zinderia insecticola CARI Capnocytophaga canimorsus Cc5 Caulobacter crescentus CB15 Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 Caulobacter segnis ATCC 21756 Cellulophaga algicola DSM 14237 Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427 Cellvibrio japonicus Ueda107 Cellvibrio gilvus ATCC 13127 Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588 Chlamydophila caviae GPIC Chlamydophila abortus S26/3 Chlamydophila felis Fe/C-56 Chlamydophila pecorum E58 Chlorobium tepidum TLS Chlorobium phaeobacteroides DSM 266 Chlorobium limicola DSM 245 Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl Chloroflexus aggregans DSM 9485 Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 Citrobacter rodentium ICC168 Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H Coprothermobacter proteolyticus DSM 5265 Coxiella burnetii RSA 493 Coxiella burnetii Dugway 5J108-111 Cronobacter turicensis z3032 Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424 Cupriavidus necator N-1 Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 Cyanothece sp. PCC 7424 Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406 Dehalococcoides sp. VS Deinococcus deserti VCD115 Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2 Desulfobacterium autotrophicum HRM2 Desulfococcus oleovorans Hxd3 Desulfomicrobium baculatum DSM 4028 Desulfotalea psychrophila LSv54 Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough Desulfovibrio vulgaris DP4 Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1 Desulfovibrio salexigens DSM 2638 Dichelobacter nodosus VCS1703A Dickeya dadantii Ech703 Dickeya zeae Ech1591 Dickeya dadantii Ech586 Dickeya dadantii 3937 Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146 Ehrlichia ruminantium str. Welgevonden Ehrlichia ruminantium str. Gardel Ehrlichia canis str. Jake Ehrlichia chaffeensis str. Arkansas Enterobacter sp. 638 Enterobacter cloacae SCF1 Erwinia tasmaniensis Et1/99 Erwinia amylovora CFBP1430 Erwinia billingiae Eb661 Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC2594 Ferrimonas balearica DSM 9799 Fervidobacterium nodosum Rt17-B1 Flavobacterium psychrophilum JIP02/86 Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 Geobacter lovleyi SZ Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem Geobacter sp. FRC-32 Geobacter sp. M18 Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 Gluconobacter oxydans 621H Gramella forsetii KT0803 Granulibacter bethesdensis CGDNIH1 Haemophilus parasuis SH0165 Haemophilus influenzae F3047 Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365 Halorhabdus utahensis DSM 12940 Halorhodospira halophila SL1 Haloterrigena turkmenica DSM 5511 Halothermothrix orenii H 168 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus c2 Helicobacter acinonychis str. Sheeba Helicobacter mustelae 12198 Helicobacter pylori B8 Helicobacter felis ATCC 49179 Helicobacter bizzozeronii CIII-1 Heliobacterium modesticaldum Ice1 Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans Herpetosiphon aurantiacus DSM 785 Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 Hyphomonas neptunium ATCC 15444 Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I Ilyobacter polytropus DSM 2926 Isosphaera pallida ATCC 43644 Jannaschia sp. CCS1 Janthinobacterium sp. Marseille Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 Kosmotoga olearia TBF 19.5.1 Lawsonia intracellularis PHE/MN1-00 Leadbetterella byssophila DSM 17132 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1 Legionella pneumophila str. Lens Legionella longbeachae NSW150 Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli str. CTCB07 Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis JB197 Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Maricaulis maris MCS10 Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 Marinomonas mediterranea MMB-1 Marinomonas posidonica IVIA-Po-181 Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946 Mesoplasma florum L1 Methanocaldococcus fervens AG86 Methanocaldococcus vulcanius M7 Methanocaldococcus infernus ME Methanococcus vannielii SB Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 Methylobacillus flagellatus KT Methylobacterium chloromethanicum CM4 Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060 Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 Methylocella silvestris BL2 Methylotenera mobilis JLW8 Methylovorus glucosetrophus SIP3-4 Microbacterium testaceum StLB037 Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 Mycoplasma genitalium G37 Mycoplasma pulmonis UAB CTIP Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC str. PG1 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 232 Mycoplasma mobile 163K Mycoplasma synoviae 53 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae J Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 7448 Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum ATCC 27343 Mycoplasma agalactiae PG2 Mycoplasma arthritidis 158L3-1 Mycoplasma bovis PG45 Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099 Nautilia profundicola AmH Neisseria meningitidis alpha14 Neisseria lactamica 020-06 Neorickettsia sennetsu str. Miyayama Neorickettsia risticii str. Illinois Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2 Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC 19707 Nitrosococcus halophilus Nc4 Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196 Candidatus Korarchaeum cryptofilum OPF8 Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444 Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina brevipalpis Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai str. 56601 Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 Mycoplasma gallisepticum str. R(low) Helicobacter hepaticus ATCC 51449 Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni str. Fiocruz L1-130 Thermus thermophilus HB27 Sodalis glossinidius str. 'morsitans' Synechococcus sp. JA-2-3B'a(2-13) Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei str. Goettingen Magnetococcus sp. MC-1 Candidatus Ruthia magnifica str. Cm (Calyptogena magnifica) Rickettsia rickettsii str. 'Sheila Smith' Sorangium cellulosum 'So ce 56' Opitutus terrae PB90-1 Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc strain 'Patoc 1 (Paris)' Elusimicrobium minutum Pei191 Alteromonas macleodii str. 'Deep ecotype' Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii DSM 11347 Dictyoglomus thermophilum H-6-12 Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27 Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans DSM 6589 Deferribacter desulfuricans SSM1 Denitrovibrio acetiphilus DSM 12809 Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens DSM 19672 Mycoplasma fermentans M64 Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Mycoplasma suis str. Illinois Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 Orientia tsutsugamushi str. Boryong Orientia tsutsugamushi str. Ikeda Pantoea ananatis LMG 20103 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1 Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida str. Pm70 Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PC1 Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366 Pelobacter carbinolicus DSM 2380 Pelobacter propionicus DSM 2379 Chlorobium luteolum DSM 273 Pelodictyon phaeoclathratiforme BU-1 Persephonella marina EX-H1 Petrotoga mobilis SJ95 Phenylobacterium zucineum HLK1 Photobacterium profundum SS9 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica ATCC 43949 Pirellula staleyi DSM 6068 Planctomyces limnophilus DSM 3776 Polaromonas sp. JS666 Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2 Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus QLW-P1DMWA-1 Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. marinus str. CCMP1375 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9313 Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. pastoris str. CCMP1986 Prochlorococcus marinus str. NATL2A Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9312 Prochlorococcus marinus str. AS9601 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9515 Prochlorococcus marinus str. NATL1A Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9303 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9301 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9215 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9211 Prosthecochloris aestuarii DSM 271 Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a Pseudomonas entomophila L48 Pseudomonas fulva 12-X Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 Psychromonas ingrahamii 37 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Rhizobium etli CFN 42 Rhizobium etli CIAT 652 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM1325 Rhodopirellula baltica SH 1 Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB5 Rhodospirillum centenum SW Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252 Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E Rickettsia conorii str. Malish 7 Rickettsia typhi str. Wilmington Rickettsia felis URRWXCal2 Rickettsia bellii RML369-C Rickettsia canadensis str. McKiel Rickettsia akari str. Hartford Rickettsia massiliae MTU5 Rickettsia rickettsii str. Iowa Rickettsia africae ESF-5 Rickettsia peacockii str. Rustic Roseiflexus sp. RS-1 Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM 13941 Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114 Roseobacter litoralis Och 149 Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Ruegeria sp. TM1040 Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 Salinibacter ruber DSM 13855 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. Sebaldella termitidis ATCC 33386 Segniliparus rotundus DSM 44985 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Shewanella sp. ANA-3 Shewanella amazonensis SB2B Shewanella sp. W3-18-1 Shewanella baltica OS155 Shewanella loihica PV-4 Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3 Shewanella pealeana ATCC 700345 Shewanella baltica OS195 Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4 Shewanella woodyi ATCC 51908 Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 Shewanella baltica OS223 Shewanella violacea DSS12 Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 Shigella boydii Sb227 Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 Sphingobium japonicum UT26S Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6192 Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112 Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense Az-Fu1 Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM 1251 Sulfurimonas autotrophica DSM 16294 Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 Synechococcus sp. WH 8102 Synechococcus sp. CC9902 Synechococcus sp. JA-3-3Ab Synechococcus sp. CC9311 Synechococcus sp. WH 7803 Synechococcus sp. RCC307 Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans MPOB Syntrophus aciditrophicus SB Taylorella equigenitalis MCE9 Teredinibacter turnerae T7901 Thermocrinis albus DSM 14484 Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1 Thermosipho melanesiensis BI429 Thermosipho africanus TCF52B Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 Thermotoga sp. RQ2 Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359 Thioalkalivibrio sp. K90mix Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 Tolumonas auensis DSM 9187 Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum str. Nichols Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum SS14 Treponema brennaborense DSM 12168 Treponema paraluiscuniculi Cuniculi A Variovorax paradoxus EPS Verminephrobacter eiseniae EF01-2 Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 Vibrio vulnificus YJ016 Vibrio splendidus LGP32 Waddlia chondrophila WSU 86-1044 Weeksella virosa DSM 16922 Wolbachia endosymbiont strain TRS of Brugia malayi Wolbachia endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus Pel Wolbachia sp. wRi Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10331 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria str. 85-10 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A Xenorhabdus bovienii SS-2004 Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 Xylella fastidiosa 9a5c Xylella fastidiosa Temecula1 Xylella fastidiosa M23 Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae ATCC 29192 Sphingobacterium paucimobilis HER1398 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C Atlantibacter hermannii NBRC 105704 Klebsiella michiganensis KCTC 1686 Chania multitudinisentens RB-25 Hungatella hathewayi DSM 13479 Veillonella seminalis ACS-216-V-Col6b Veillonella sp. 6_1_27
D-Alanine Metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism
Inner Membrane Transport
L-Alanine Metabolism

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0018044	L-Alanine	(S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid	8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase	Synthesis	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018054	L-Alanine	UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine	UDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligase	Ligation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018115	L-Glutamic acid	L-Alanine	Glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase AlaA	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018116	L-Cysteine	L-Alanine	Cysteine desulfurase IscS	Desulfuration	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018117	L-Valine	L-Alanine	Valine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018220	L-Alanine	Adenosine monophosphate	Alanine--tRNA ligase	Ligation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019288	L-Alanine	UDP-N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Ala	UDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligase	Ligation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019405	L-Glutamic acid	L-Alanine	Probable kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase BNA3	Transfer of amino group	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019406	L-Alanine	L-Glutamic acid	Probable alanine aminotransferase, mitochondrial	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019504	Glyoxylic acid	Glycine	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 1	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019601	L-3-Hydroxykynurenine	L-Alanine	Kynureninase	Cleavage of kynurenine	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019623	L-Alanine	L-Phenylalanine	Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 2	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019628	L-Alanine	L-Tyrosine	Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 2	Amine group addition	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019638	L-Kynurenine	L-Alanine	Kynureninase	Cleavage of kynurenine	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0024386	Selenocysteine	hydrogenselenide	Cysteine desulfurase	Desulfuration	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0024418	L-Alanine	diphosphate	Alanine--tRNA ligase	Ligation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0024419	L-Alanine	diphosphate	Alanine--tRNA ligase	Ligation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0024524	Pyruvic acid	L-Alanine	2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase	Carboxylation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0025050	L-Alanine	(S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid	Putative 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase	Ligation; Synthesis	RHEA	34755880

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease	Increased	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Dengue fever	Decreased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	11237944
Epilepsy	Decreased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	14992292
Frontotemporal dementia	Increased	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Glucagon deficiency		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	904979
Heart failure	Increased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	16789974
Histidinemia		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	1481808
Leukemia	Slight Increase	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	15911239
Lung cancer		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	18953024
Meningitis	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	7729054
N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	7623444
Paraquat poisoning	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	9625050
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	28649521
Schizophrenia	Slight Increase	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	2415198
Schizophrenia	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	7595563
Tuberculosis		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	7729054
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Temporomandibular joint disorder		Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Apicomplexa	1		Microbial culture
Eukaryota	Apicomplexa	1		Microbial culture
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Firmicutes	889	Human feces; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human ; Human vaginal secretion; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human urine; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Cattle ; Catfish	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	769	Human feces; Human sputum; Human ; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Cattle ; Turkey ; Sheep ; Lion ; Chicken ; American dog tick ; River trout ; Rat	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Bacteroidetes	211	Human feces; Human appendix biopsy; Human ; Human saliva; Human gastric fluid; Human urine; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Synergistetes	7	Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Actinobacteria	298	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Cattle	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Verrucomicrobia	3	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	5	Human feces; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human ; Human vaginal secretion; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human urine; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Cattle ; Catfish	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Spirochaetes	12	Human feces; Human ; Pig	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Fusobacteria	39	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	10		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Candidatus melainabacteria	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Tenericutes	8	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Planctomycetes	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	9	Human feces; Human sputum; Human ; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Cattle ; Turkey ; Sheep ; Lion ; Chicken ; American dog tick ; River trout ; Rat	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	28	Human feces; Human saliva	Unknown
Eukaryota/Fungi	Basidiomycota	2
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	3
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Acidobacteria	3
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	4		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Aquificae	5
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlorobi	10
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Cyanobacteria	27	Human
Bacteria	nah	1
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Nitrospirae	1
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Thermotogae	5
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlamydiae	5	Human
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chloroflexi	4
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Dictyoglomi	2
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Elusimicrobia	1
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	1	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Cattle	Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Food Exposures

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Source Name	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Not Available	African ostrich	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Agar	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	American butterfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	American lobster	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	American shad	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Anchovy	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Anguilliformes	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic cod	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic croaker	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic halibut	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic herring	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic pollock	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Atlantic wolffish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Blue crab	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Blue mussel	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Bluefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Burbot	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Carp bream	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Catfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Channel catfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Charr	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Chinook salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Chum salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Cichlidae (tilapia)	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Cisco	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Clawed lobster	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Clupeinae (herring, sardine, sprat)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Coho salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Common carp	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Common dab	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Common ling	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Common octopus	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Crab	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Crayfish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Cusk	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Cuttlefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Dungeness crab	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Eastern oyster	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	European anchovy	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Flatfish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Florida pompano	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Freshwater drum	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Freshwater eel	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Gadiformes	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Garfish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Greater sturgeon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Greenland halibut/turbot	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Grouper	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Haddock	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Hippoglossus (common halibut)	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Japanese sea bass	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Kelp	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	King mackerel	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Kombu	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Lake trout	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Laver	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Lemon sole	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Lingcod	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Lumpsucker	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Marine mussel	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Milkfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Mollusks	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Monkfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Mountain hare	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Northern bluefin tuna	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Northern pike	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Norway lobster	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Norway pout	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Ocean pout	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Orange roughy	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific cod	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific halibut	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific herring	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific jack mackerel	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific ocean perch	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Pacific oyster	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pacific rockfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Perciformes	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Percoidei (bass and others)	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pig	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pikeperch	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Pink salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Pleuronectidae (dab, halibut, plaice)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Pollock	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Rainbow smelt	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Rainbow trout	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Red king crab	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sablefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Salmonidae (salmon, trout)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Scallop	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Scombridae (bonito, mackerel, tuna)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Scup	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sea trout	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Shark	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sheefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sheepshead	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Shrimp	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Skipjack tuna	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Smelt	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Snail	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Snapper	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Snow crab	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sockeye salmon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Spanish mackerel	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Spiny dogfish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Spiny lobster	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Spirulina	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Spot croaker	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Squid	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Striped bass	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Striped mullet	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Sturgeon	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Swordfish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Thunnus	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Tilefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	True sole	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Turbot	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Wakame	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Whelk	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	White sucker	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Whitefish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Whiting	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Not Available	Yellowfin tuna	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Not Available	Yellowtail amberjack	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Not Available	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Agave	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Alcoholic beverage	FooDB	22397579
Plant	Not Available	Allium	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Almond	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Amaranth	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Arabica coffee	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Banana	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Beer	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Black salsify	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Black walnut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Brandy	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Broccoli	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Brussel sprouts	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Cabbage	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Carrot	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Cassava	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Cauliflower	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Celery stalks	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Chanterelle	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Cherimoya	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Chervil	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Chicory	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Chinese cabbage	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Chinese chives	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Chives	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Cinnamon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Common bean	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Common cabbage	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Common mushroom	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Common oregano	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Common pea	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Cucumber	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Dill	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Dock	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Eggplant	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Endive	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Feijoa	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	French plantain	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Garden cress	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Garden onion	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Garden rhubarb	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Garlic	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Globe artichoke	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Green zucchini	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Horseradish	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Ice queen lettuce	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Italian oregano	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Jackfruit	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Jerusalem artichoke	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Jicama	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Jute	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Kale	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Kohlrabi	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Lambsquarters	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Lentils	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Lettuce	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Longan	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Loquat	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Maitake	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Mamey sapote	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Mexican oregano	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Mountain yam	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Nanking cherry	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Nopal	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Nutmeg	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Okra	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Oyster mushroom	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Pak choy	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Papaya	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Parsley	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Parsnip	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Peanut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Pepper	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Pepper (spice)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Peppermint	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Potato	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Quinoa	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Red beetroot	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Red raspberry	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Red wine	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Robusta coffee	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Romaine lettuce	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Rose wine	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Rosemary	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Round kumquat	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Sapodilla	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Saskatoon berry	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Savoy cabbage	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Shallot	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Shiitake	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Sorrel	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Soy bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Spearmint	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Spinach	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Not Available	Swamp cabbage	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Swede	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Sweet basil	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Sweet potato	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Swiss chard	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Taro	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Teff	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Turnip	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Watercress	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Welsh onion	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Not Available	Whisky	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	White cabbage	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	White wine	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	White wine derived from fermenting yeast ec1118.	FooDB	21371950
Plant	Not Available	White wine derived from fermenting yeast fermicru 4f9.	FooDB	21371950
Plant	Not Available	White wine derived from fermenting yeast oenoferm veltliner.	FooDB	21371950
Plant	Not Available	White wine derived from fermenting yeast weiss&komplex.	FooDB	21371950
Plant	Not Available	Wild celery	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Wild leek	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Not Available	Winter squash	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Bean	Common bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Bean sprout	Common bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Bean sprout	Mung bean	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Brain	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Bulb	Garden onion	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Bulb	Soft-necked garlic	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Bulb and lower leaf-portion	Wild leek	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Cocoa products	Cocoa bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Coffee	Arabica coffee	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Coffee	Robusta coffee	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Egg	Anser	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Egg	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Egg	Mallard duck	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Egg	Whitefish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Fat	Anser	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fat	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fat	Domestic pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fat	Wild boar	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Blue whiting	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Catfish	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Common ling	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Norway haddock	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fillet	Pollock	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Fllet	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Flour	Arrowroot	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Flour	Carob	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Flour	Peanut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Flour	Potato	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Flour	Soy bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Acorn squash	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Apple	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Apricot	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Asian pear	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Avocado	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Bilberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Blackcurrant	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Butternut squash	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Cantaloupe melon	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Chayote	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Coconut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Common bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Common grape	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Common pea	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Common persimmon	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Cucumber	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Cucurbita	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Date	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Eggplant	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Elderberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	European plum	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Fig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Garden tomato	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Garden tomato (var.)	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Gooseberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Grape	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Grapefruit	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Grapefruit/pummelo hybrid	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Green zucchini	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Groundcherry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Guava	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Highbush blueberry	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Japanese persimmon	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Kiwi	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Lemon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Lichee	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Lime	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Lingonberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Loganberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Malus (crab apple)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Mango	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Matrimony vine	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Muskmelon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Nectarine	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Papaya	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Passion fruit	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Peach	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Peach (var.)	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Pear	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Pepper	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Pepper (c. frutescens)	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Persimmon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Pineapple	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Plums	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Fruit	Pomegranate	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Prickly pear	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Prunus (cherry, plum)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Quince	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Redcurrant	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Rose hip	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Star fruit	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Strawberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Strawberry guava	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Fruit	Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Sweet orange	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Tamarind	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Vaccinium (blueberry, cranberry, huckleberry)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Watermelon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Fruit	Winter squash	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Ground	Cinnamon	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Ground	Cloves	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Ground	Turmeric	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Hand	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Hand with rind	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Heart	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Heart	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Heart	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Herb	Purslane	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Herb	Watercress	FooDB	DUKE
Animal	Hind leg without rind	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Blackcurrant	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Elderberry	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Grape	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Lemon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Prunus (cherry, plum)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Juice	Strawberry	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Kidney	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Kidney	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Leaves	Amaranth	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Cabbage	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Celery leaves	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Leaves	Chives	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Coriander	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Leaves	Dandelion	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Leaves	Endive	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Jute	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Lettuce	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Malabar spinach	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Swamp cabbage	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Sweet basil	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Tea	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Leaves	White cabbage	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Leaves	Winged bean	FooDB	DUKE
Animal	Leg	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Leg	True frog	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Leg meat	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Leg with knuckle	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Duck	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Goose	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Liver	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Lung	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat and skin	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat and skin	Duck	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat and skin	Goose	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat and skin	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat and skin	Squab	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat and skin	Turkey	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Milk	Cow	FooDB	20338431
Animal	Milk	Domestic goat	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Milk	Human	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Neck	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Acorn	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Almond	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Beech nut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Black walnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Brazil nut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Butternut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Chestnut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Chinese chestnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Coconut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Colorado pinyon	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Common hazelnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Common walnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	European chestnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Ginkgo nuts	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Hazelnut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Hickory nut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Japanese chestnut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Macadamia nut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla)	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Peanut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Pecan nut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Pili nut	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Nut	Pine nut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Pistachio	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Nut	Walnut	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Oil	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Oil	Haddock	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Canola oil	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Oil	Coconut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Cottonseed	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Cottonseed oil	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Oil	Flaxseed	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Grapeseed oil	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Oil	Oil palm	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Olive	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Peanut	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Rape	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Safflower	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Sesame	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Soy bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Sunflower	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Thistle	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Oil	Ucuhuba	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Oil	Walnut	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Pancreas	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Peel	Lemon	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Plant	Corn salad	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Plant	Lambsquarters	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Plant	Spinach	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Powder	Garlic	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Powder	Rose hip	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Rhizome	Sacred lotus	FooDB	DUKE
Animal	Rib	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Rib	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Roe	Fish	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Roe	Gadus (common cod)	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Burdock	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Carrot	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Cassava	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Common beet	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Root	Daikon radish	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Fennel	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Ginger	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Horseradish	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Lotus	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Root	Mountain yam	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Parsley	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Prairie turnip	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Radish	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Red beetroot	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Root	Sweet potato	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Taro	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Root	Wild carrot	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Adzuki bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Alfalfa	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Almond	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Amaranth	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Black-eyed pea	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Brazil nut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Breadfruit	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Breadnut tree seed	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Broad bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Butternut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Carob	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Cashew nut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Catjang pea	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Chia	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Chickpea	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Cocoa bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Colorado pinyon	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Common bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Common pea	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Common walnut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Coriander	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Cottonseed	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	European chestnut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Evening primrose	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Fennel	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Fenugreek	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Flaxseed	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Ginkgo nuts	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Gram bean	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Hyacinth bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Lentils	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Lima bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Lupine	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Macadamia nut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Mung bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Peanut	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Peas	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Pigeon pea	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Pistachio	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Poppy	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Sacred lotus	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Sesame	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Soy bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Sunflower	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Seed	Watermelon	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	White lupine	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	White mustard	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Winged bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed	Winter squash	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Seed	Yardlong bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Seed oil	Grape	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Shoot	Asparagus	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Shoot	Bamboo shoots	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Shoot	Celeriac	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Shoot	Common pea	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Shoot	Horseradish tree	FooDB	DUKE
Animal	Shoulder	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Shoulder	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Skin	Pig	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Spleen	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Plant	Sprout	Soy bean	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Sprout seedling	Common bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Sprout seedling	Lentils	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Sprout seedling	Mung bean	FooDB	DUKE
Animal	Suet	Cow	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Thymus	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Thymus	Sheep (mutton, lamb)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Tongue	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Tongue	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Plant	Tuber	Jerusalem artichoke	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Tuber	Jicama	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Tuber	Potato	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Tuber	Winged bean	FooDB	DUKE
Plant	Tuber	Yam	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	See All	FooDB	34893796

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Source Name	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Meat	African ostrich	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Bison	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Chicken	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Cow	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Crab	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Deer	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Domestic pigeon	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Duck	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Elk	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Emu	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Goose	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Helmeted guineafowl	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Horse	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Pheasant	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Pig	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Quail	FooDB	34893796
Animal	Meat	Rabbit	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Rock ptarmigan	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Sheep (mutton, lamb)	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Squab	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Turkey	FooDB	DTU
Animal	Meat	Wild boar	FooDB	34893796

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference
Drugs - Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Food Additive	U.S. Food and Drug Administration	FDA

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	40.50	13.83			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			427.656	681.457	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Amish lethal microcephaly	HMDB	12376931
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1088				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 5	HMDB	26081641
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	274.0		250.0	298.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Dengue fever	HMDB	11237944
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	707.125				uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency	HMDB	6688766
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	263.8	51.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	296.0		277.0	316.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Epilepsy	HMDB	14992292
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	48.6				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Epilepsy, early-onset, vitamin B6-dependent	HMDB	27912044
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	48.6				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Epilepsy, early-onset, vitamin B6-dependent	HMDB	27912044
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	36.63	16.68			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	31	8.7			uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Glucagon deficiency	HMDB	904979
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	589.0	15.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Heart failure	HMDB	16789974
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	249	94			uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Histidinuria	HMDB	1481808
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	366.8	204.8			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Late-onset preeclampsia	HMDB	23159745
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	34.8	7.8			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Leukemia	HMDB	15911239
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	46.1	13.5			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Leukemia	HMDB	15911239
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	33.94	19.76			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	52				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	239				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	455		221	1086	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	23		10	55	umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.16		0.13	0.18	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Meningitis	HMDB	7729054
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			233	331	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency	HMDB	12649063
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			185	1264	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency	HMDB	7623444
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			261	432	uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency	HMDB	7623444
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	76.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Paraquat poisoning	HMDB	9625050
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1559				uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Pearson Syndrome	HMDB	25691415
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			658	1082	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Pearson Syndrome	HMDB	25691415
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	676 +/- 386		156	1503	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Pearson Syndrome	HMDB	25691415
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	231.9	87.3			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	258.62	85.38			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	267.32	53.39			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	323.8	151.2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23159745
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	332.1	184.2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	298				uM	Children (1-13 years old)		Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency	HMDB	28649521
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	958				uM	Infant (0-1 year old)		Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency	HMDB	28649521
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1000				uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency	HMDB	172850
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	392	111			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Schizophrenia	HMDB	2415198
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.04	0.57			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	HMDB	7595563
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19.2		16.1	22.3	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Tuberculosis	HMDB	7729054
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.2				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9625050
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	39				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19309105
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	40.8				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Sweat	Detected and Quantified	180				uM	Adult (40 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22194922
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	8791				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	11283				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	12245				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			9	19	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			10	20	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<414				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26081641
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<500				uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	172850
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	>10				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	263	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	65	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	113.35	69.81			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			134	502	uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	137.272	93.0486			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			14	133	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	30830347
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.0	3.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	21164041
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			140	460	uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	1481808
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.7	14.7			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	17.4	4.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	21164041
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			172.585	558.364	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12376931
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			174	375	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	28649521
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	19.2	5.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	21164041
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	19.46	5.32			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	20.7	6.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	21164041
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	21.7		7.2	47.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	21.8		7.1	43.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	23		4	116	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			23.0	39.5	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27912044
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	231	67.2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			240	600	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25691415
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	25		<1	81	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	254	78			uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	2587127
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	255	78			uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7623444
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	26		7	137	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	26.3	7.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	6198473
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	260.04	90.45			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19468821
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	2660	1870			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	27		<1	96	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			27	350	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	27.0		10.0	44.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7729054
Human Sweat	Detected and Quantified			270	590	uM	Adult (60 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22194922
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			28.5	38.0	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27912044
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	30.8	8.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	6198473
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	319.4	71.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28278231
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			32.25	147.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	320	87			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	2415198
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	33.5	14.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	333.0		259.0	407.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12297216
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	34.3	11.5			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	37.8	6.8			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	15911239
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	395.71	146.98			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19468821
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.23	0.64			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7595563
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			41	130	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	427.2	84.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	444.61	116.67			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26010610
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	4451.518	2351.470			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	448.89	115.71			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26010610
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	46	27			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	465.7		395.5	592.1	uM	Children (1-13 uears old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27294788
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	57.54	42.59			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	585.0	22.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16789974
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			6	47	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	600	470			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	610.52	226.12			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19468821
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			68	334	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	30830347
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	70.70	24.41			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	79.85	30.57			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.1	2.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.5	2.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.8	2.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	51	42.068			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	58.4882	31.7251			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	23.0	8.42			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	65.012	27.635			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	73.1768	22.3291			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			10.5	49.5	uM	Adolescent (>11 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			11	53.5	uM	Children (0 - 10 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			134	416	uM	Infant (1 - 3 months old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			148	475	uM	Children (3 months - 6 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			16.05	77.33	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13 - 21 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			16.05	77.33	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>21 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			16.96	105.48	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (4 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			193	545	uM	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			35.95	132.73	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (2 - 4 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			39.57	187.91	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			45.45	150.26	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 2 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			81.97	239.91	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			85.59	284.69	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			97	455	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			16.84	56.15	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	David F. Putnam Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine. NASA Contractor Report. July 1971
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.3	5.6			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	152.67		69.78	235.56	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	22.0	10.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	22.0	11.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	23.2	5.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	369.0	88.0			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	375.0	50.0			uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	18.72				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	17.0	9.27			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	18.8	20.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	30.5	39.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	145.27	108.41			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			200.0	580.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Molecular You (https://molecularyou.com)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			10.52	340.09	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11.42	169.68	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.98	92.078	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			5.77	78.73	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			6.33	58.60	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			7.24	146.94	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Mayo Clinic (https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/AAPD)
Human All tissues	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	20300169
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21190195
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17269711
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19006102
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21330412
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	23940645
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24029555
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	26709303
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Both	Normal	HMDB	25486321
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22800120
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24130822
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25598765
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27065191
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27622378
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	28270806
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28842642
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

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Wikipedia Link

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METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

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PDB ID

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ChEBI ID

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Food Biomarker Ontology

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CMMC Knowledgebase

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General References

Iioka H, Hisanaga H, Moriyama IS, Akada S, Shimamoto T, Yamada Y, Ichijo M: Characterization of human placental activity for transport of L-alanine, using brush border (microvillous) membrane vesicles. Placenta. 1992 Mar-Apr;13(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/0143-4004(92)90032-o. [PubMed:1631030 ]
Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.02.013. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00780-3. [PubMed:12297216 ]
Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. doi: 10.1023/b:nere.0000010461.34920.0c. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. [PubMed:9625050 ]
Saklatvala J: Hydrolysis of the elastase substrate succinyltrialanine nitroanilide by a metal-dependent enzyme in rheumatoid synovial fluid. J Clin Invest. 1977 May;59(5):794-801. doi: 10.1172/JCI108701. [PubMed:16038 ]
Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed:7729054 ]
Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. doi: 10.1177/154405910208100613. [PubMed:12097436 ]
Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/73.3.647. [PubMed:11237944 ]
Stahl A, Frick A, Imler M, Schlienger JL: Semiautomated enzymic microassay for plasma L-alanine. Enzyme. 1979;24(5):294-301. doi: 10.1159/000458678. [PubMed:41707 ]
Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. doi: 10.1042/bj2170365. [PubMed:6696735 ]
Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02756.x. [PubMed:6198473 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for L-Alanine (MMDBc0000049)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e51023088>