| Description | Dactinomycin, also known as cosmegen or actd, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating. Dactinomycin is a drug which is used for the treatment of wilms' tumor, childhood rhabdomyosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma and metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer as part of a combination chemotherapy and/or multi-modality treatment regimen. Dactinomycin is in the cytotoxic antibiotic family of medications. Dactinomycin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Because actinomycin can bind DNA duplexes, it can also interfere with DNA replication, although other chemicals such as hydroxyurea are better suited for use in the laboratory as inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. It was first isolated by Selman Waksman and his co-worker H. Boyd Woodruff in 1940. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$24.73 per 500 mcg vial. |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Amino-N,n'-bis(hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,1-i)(1,4,7,10,13)oxatetra-azacyclohexadecin-10-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide | ChEBI | | ActD | ChEBI | | Actinomycin C1 | ChEBI | | Actinomycin IV | ChEBI | | Actinomycin D | HMDB | | Ac-de | HMDB | | Cosmegen | HMDB | | Lyovac, cosmegen | HMDB | | MSD Brand OF dactinomycin | HMDB | | Lemery brand OF dactinomycin | HMDB | | Lyovac-cosmegen | HMDB | | Merck brand OF dactinomycin | HMDB | | Merck sharp and dohme brand OF dactinomycin | HMDB | | Cosmegen lyovac | HMDB | | Meractinomycin | HMDB | | Actinomycin | HMDB | | Merck frosst brand OF dactinomycin | HMDB | | Lyovac cosmegen | HMDB | | LyovacCosmegen | HMDB | | Dactinomycin | ChEBI |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C62H86N12O16/c1-27(2)42-59(84)73-23-17-19-36(73)57(82)69(13)25-38(75)71(15)48(29(5)6)61(86)88-33(11)44(55(80)65-42)67-53(78)35-22-21-31(9)51-46(35)64-47-40(41(63)50(77)32(10)52(47)90-51)54(79)68-45-34(12)89-62(87)49(30(7)8)72(16)39(76)26-70(14)58(83)37-20-18-24-74(37)60(85)43(28(3)4)66-56(45)81/h21-22,27-30,33-34,36-37,42-45,48-49H,17-20,23-26,63H2,1-16H3,(H,65,80)(H,66,81)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)/t33-,34-,36+,37+,42-,43-,44+,45+,48+,49+/m1/s1 |
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