Record Information
Version2.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2021-05-15 05:53:16 UTC
Update Date2025-10-07 16:06:21 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0014987
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePhomalide
DescriptionPhomalide is a cyclic depsipeptide belonging to the class of fungal phytotoxins. This metabolite is produced by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans and is known for its host-selective phytotoxicity. In biological evaluations, phomalide has been shown to induce necrotic and chlorotic lesions on susceptible canola leaves (Brassica napus and Brassica rapa), while exhibiting significantly less phytotoxicity on resistant cultivars such as brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba) (PMID:30754782 ). The synthesis of phomalide, along with its isomer isophomalide and dihydro analogues, has been achieved through efficient total synthesis methods, highlighting its complex structure that includes specific amino acids such as 2-amino-2-butenoic acid and (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (PMID:11674233 ). Notably, while phomalide exhibits phytotoxic properties, other related metabolites like sirodesmin PL and phomamide do not display similar stress-inducing activities (PMID:18701303 ). Overall, phomalide's unique chemical structure and its role as a host-selective toxin underscore its significance in plant-fungal interactions and potential implications in agricultural contexts.
Structure
SynonymsNot Available
Molecular FormulaC30H43N3O7
Average Mass557.688
Monoisotopic Mass557.310100737
IUPAC Name(3S,6E,9S,12R,15S)-3-benzyl-6-ethylidene-8,11,14-trihydroxy-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-9-(propan-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7,10,13-triazacyclopentadeca-7,10,13-triene-2,5-dione
Traditional Name(3S,6E,9S,12R,15S)-3-benzyl-6-ethylidene-8,11,14-trihydroxy-9-isopropyl-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-1,4-dioxa-7,10,13-triazacyclopentadeca-7,10,13-triene-2,5-dione
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H]\C(C)=C1/N=C(O)[C@@]([H])(N=C(O)[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)N=C(O)[C@]([H])(CC(C)C)OC(=O)[C@]([H])(CC2=CC=CC=C2)OC1=O)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C30H43N3O7/c1-8-21-29(37)40-24(16-20-12-10-9-11-13-20)30(38)39-23(15-18(4)5)27(35)32-22(14-17(2)3)26(34)33-25(19(6)7)28(36)31-21/h8-13,17-19,22-25H,14-16H2,1-7H3,(H,31,36)(H,32,35)(H,33,34)/b21-8+/t22-,23+,24+,25+/m1/s1
InChI KeyCFTIBXPRNRXQEG-TYHNAPLMSA-N