| Description | Rhizobium etli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that thrives in mesophilic temperatures, classified as a heterotroph and an obligate aerobe. This microbe is primarily known for its symbiotic relationship with legumes, particularly the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in which it forms root nodules that facilitate nitrogen fixation. The gram-negative nature of R. etli is characterized by its thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, which contributes to its resilience in various environmental conditions. As a rod-shaped organism, R. etli exhibits a typical bacillus morphology, making it distinct among other bacteria in its family. Its mesophilic temperature preference indicates an optimal growth range between 20°C and 37°C, which aligns with the environmental conditions found in the soil where it usually resides. As a heterotroph, R. etli relies on organic compounds for energy, utilizing organic acids and carbohydrates present in the soil and plant exudates as substrates for metabolism. Being an obligate aerobe, R. etli requires oxygen for cellular respiration, which underpins its role in the nitrogen-fixing process within root nodules. This process not only enriches the soil with nitrogen but also enhances the growth of the host plant, making it crucial for sustainable agriculture. Beyond its ecological importance, R. etli has garnered attention in biotechnological applications due to its ability to improve crop yields and its potential in developing sustainable agriculture practices. Its genetic materials are being studied for advancements in bioengineering, particularly in the enhancement of nitrogen fixation efficiency, which could contribute to reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers in agriculture. |
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