| Description | Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacterium that prefers a moderate temperature range, typically thriving at 37°C, classifying it as a mesophile. As a chemoheterotroph, it derives its energy and carbon from organic compounds, primarily through the fermentation of amino acids and other substrates. This microbe is categorized as microaerophilic, requiring a low concentration of oxygen (approximately 5-10%) for optimal growth; it cannot thrive in atmospheric oxygen levels. Historically, C. hyointestinalis has been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, particularly in swine, and is linked to enteritis in both humans and animals. The organism is primarily found within the intestines, colonizing the gastrointestinal tracts of various hosts, including livestock and domestic animals. This microbe can also be isolated from various environmental sources, including contaminated water and food, which can serve as vectors for human infections. Morphologically, Campylobacter hyointestinalis presents distinct curved or spiral shapes, which contribute to its motility via a single polar flagellum, allowing it to navigate through viscous environments like mucus in the intestines. The cell wall consists of a thin peptidoglycan layer typical of gram-negative bacteria, surrounded by an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which can contribute to its virulence. While C. hyointestinalis is not as prevalent as other Campylobacter species, it plays a critical role in understanding zoonotic infections and their transmission pathways. Its ability to thrive in microaerophilic conditions reflects a unique adaptation to the intestinal environment, and its association with animal health signals the need for careful monitoring of livestock to prevent zoonotic diseases that can impact human health. |
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