| Description | Bacteroides maternus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that thrives in the anaerobic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. This microbe is classified as a polysaccharide-utiliser (PUL-rich) and is catalase-positive, indicating its ability to break down hydrogen peroxide. Unique to Bacteroides maternus is its capacity to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glutamate, showcasing its metabolic versatility. Notably, it does not grow on 2'-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), and the specific auxotrophies of this organism remain unknown, indicating a potential area for future research. Bacteroides maternus plays a crucial role in the human microbiome, particularly in the gut, where it aids in the fermentation of complex carbohydrates. Through its polysaccharide-utiliser capabilities, it contributes to the degradation of dietary fibers, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for gut health and overall metabolism. The production of GABA from glutamate highlights its potential influence on host physiology, particularly in the regulation of neurotransmission, suggesting a link between gut microbiota and neurochemistry. Phenotypically, Bacteroides maternus shares similarities with other members of the Bacteroides genus, known for their essential roles in human health, including immune modulation and protection against pathogens. The presence of this bacterium within the gastrointestinal tract underscores its significance in maintaining a balanced microbiome. As research continues, the implications of Bacteroides maternus in digestive health, metabolic disorders, and even mental health are likely to unfold, providing valuable insights into the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and the host. |
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