MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Cytidine (MMDBc0000023)

Microbial

Human

Pharmaceutical

Xenobiotic

Record Information

Version

2.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:27:33 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-10 00:31:21 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000023

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Cytidine

Description

Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brain's extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123 , 15780864 , 16720547 ).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Molecular Formula

C₉H₁₃N₃O₅

Average Mass

243.2166

Monoisotopic Mass

243.085520541

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

65-46-3

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1

InChI Key

UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-XVFCMESISA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Chromatography Type	Technique	Column	Deposition Date	Retention Time (s)
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH Amide column (eluted)	2025-10-23	408.7
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Accucore 150 Amide HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	218.4
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Hypersil Gold 1.9 µm C18 (void)	2025-10-23	43.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	236.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm (eluted)	2025-10-23	298.5
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Ascentis Express C18 (void)	2025-10-23	241.5
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	419.0
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	731.5
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	508.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	144.0
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	444.4
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	157.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	50.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	270.1
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	630.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	50.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	201.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex (eluted)	2025-10-23	684.8
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	540.7

Retention Indices

Chromatography Type	Peak Label	SMILES	Stationary Phase	Deposition Date	Retention Index
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2000.73
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1978.73
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C=CC(N)=NC1=O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2005.31
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_4	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1989.92
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_5	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2631.58
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_6	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1558.34
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_7	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2441.3
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2361.94
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_9	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2413.66
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_10	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1164.46
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_11	C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2391.82
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_12	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2330.22
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_13	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2323.6
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_14	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1957.75
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_15	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2103.11
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_16	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1528.87
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_17	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2361.24
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_18	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC1=O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1097.59
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_19	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1596.61
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_20	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1864.86
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_21	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1903.39
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_22	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1504.1
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_23	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1849.24
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1888.69
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1723.26
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C=CC(N)=NC1=O	standard polar	2025-10-23	2561.15
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_4	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	2072.19
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_5	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1923.82
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_6	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2303.85
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_7	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	1975.95
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2180.32
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_9	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	2156.64
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_10	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	1723.51
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_11	C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1878.76
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_12	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1768.6
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_13	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	1777.01
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_14	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	2071.69
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_15	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1339.94
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_16	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	2845.11
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_17	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1962.32
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_18	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC1=O	standard polar	2025-10-23	2426.57
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_19	C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC(=O)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	standard polar	2025-10-23	2873.91
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_20	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1656.68
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_21	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1590.52
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_22	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1780.99
Gas Chromatography	Cytidine_TMS_23	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=NC2=O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1945.73

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleus

Biospecimen Locations

All Tissues
Blood
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

All Tissues
Placenta
Prostate

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191677	5'-nucleotidase	Unknown	P21589	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191680	Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1B	Unknown	Q96P26	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191681	Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A	Unknown	Q9BXI3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191682	5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, cytosolic type	Unknown	Q8TCD5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191684	5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9NPB1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191778	Uridine-cytidine kinase 1	Unknown	Q9HA47	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192001	Bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase	Enzyme	Q9Y223	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193590	Uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Unknown	Q9BZX2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193783	AID	Enzyme	Q546Y9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193860	Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 3	Enzyme	Q9H0P0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193932	Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase	Unknown	P49902	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194012	Cytidine deaminase	Unknown	P32320	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194185	Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1	Enzyme	Q9NWZ5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196270	DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3H	Enzyme	Q6NTF7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196330	Zinc finger protein 638	Unknown	Q14966	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196331	CUGBP Elav-like family member 2	Unknown	O95319	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196667	Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A	Unknown	P31941
MMDBp0196668	Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B	Unknown	Q9UH17
MMDBp0196669	Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C	Unknown	Q9NRW3
MMDBp0196670	Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D	Unknown	Q96AK3
MMDBp0196671	DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F	Unknown	Q8IUX4
MMDBp0196681	Activation-induced cytidine deaminase	Unknown	Q9GZX7

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	Species
Pyrimidine Ribonucleosides Degradation		Escherichia coli Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli UTI89 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z Escherichia coli CFT073 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus cereus Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC 13350 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Streptococcus pneumoniae Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT) Salmonella enterica Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Helicobacter pylori Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20 Clostridium perfringens Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 Shewanella denitrificans OS217 Acidaminococcus fermentans DSM 20731 Acidaminococcus intestini RyC-MR95 Anaerococcus prevotii DSM 20548 Anaerostipes hadrus Bacillus cereus AH187 (F4810/72) Bacillus halodurans C-125 Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus OF4 Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Blautia hansenii DSM 20583 Blautia obeum A2-162 Blautia obeum ATCC 29174 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 Clostridium saccharolyticum Clostridium sticklandii Coprococcus catus GD/7 Dorea formicigenerans ATCC 27755 Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 Eubacterium eligens ATCC 27750 Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656 Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1 Lactobacillus paracasei Lactobacillus reuteri Megamonas hypermegale Methylobacterium nodulans Porphyromonas asaccharolytica DSM 20707 Roseburia hominis A2-183 Ruminococcus torques L2-14 Streptococcus salivarius lactobacillus vaginalis Buchnera aphidicola Pelobacter carbinolicus Spirochaeta thermophila Thermus thermophilus Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Chromobacterium violaceum Citrobacter koseri Proteus mirabilis Shigella boydii Shigella dysenteriae Shigella flexneri Shigella sonnei Aeromonas hydrophila Vibrio cholerae Vibrio vulnificus Fusobacterium gonidiaformans Fusobacterium ulcerans Syntrophomonas wolfei Ruminococcus albus Staphylococcus epidermidis Deinococcus radiodurans Streptococcus gordonii Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus sanguinis Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus equinus Streptococcus equi Streptococcus uberis Enterococcus gallinarum Lancefieldella rimae Bacillus licheniformis Priestia megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus pumilus Bacillus thuringiensis Clostridium butyricum Moorella thermoacetica Clostridium kluyveri Clostridium novyi Lactobacillus sakei Listeria monocytogenes Actinomyces viscosus Corynebacterium diphtheriae Mycoplasma pulmonis Mycoplasma synoviae Mycoplasma arthritidis Mycoplasma mobile Roseobacter denitrificans Staphylococcus lugdunensis Mycoplasma penetrans Staphylococcus saprophyticus Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Enterococcus avium Eubacterium brachy Enterococcus casseliflavus Eubacterium eligens Eubacterium ramulus Eubacterium ventriosum Veillonella atypica Veillonella dispar Leptotrichia buccalis Actinosynnema mirum Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus Enterococcus cecorum Streptococcus cristatus Mitsuokella multacida Brachyspira pilosicoli Enterococcus durans Blautia hydrogenotrophica Desulfotomaculum reducens Holdemania filiformis Sodalis glossinidius Streptococcus peroris Enterobacter cancerogenus Streptococcus constellatus Bifidobacterium gallicum Bacillus clausii Bacillus pseudofirmus Bacillus selenitireducens Dorea longicatena Peptacetobacter hiranonis Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum Citrobacter youngae Collinsella stercoris Streptococcus lutetiensis Ilyobacter polytropus Marvinbryantia formatexigens Anaerotruncus colihominis Shewanella denitrificans Escherichia albertii Subdoligranulum variabile Lactobacillus gastricus Lactobacillus antri Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae Bacteroides pyogenes Streptococcus gallolyticus Agrobacterium tumefaciens Bifidobacterium catenulatum Blautia hansenii Blautia obeum Clostridium beijerinckii Dorea formicigenerans Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus hirae Gemella sanguinis Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella variicola Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactococcus lactis Porphyromonas asaccharolytica Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus parasanguinis Streptococcus suis Streptococcus thermophiles Veillonella parvula Gemella haemolysans Granulicatella adiacens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5b str. L20 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 3 str. JL03 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 str. AP76 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum DSM 20595 Atopobium parvulum DSM 20469 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27 Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Bacillus cereus B4264 Bacillus cereus AH820 Bacillus cereus G9842 Bacillus cereus Q1 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii str. W23 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 Buchnera aphidicola str. APS (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Sg (Schizaphis graminum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Bp (Baizongia pistaciae) Buchnera aphidicola str. 5A (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Capnocytophaga ochracea DSM 7271 Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 Clostridium perfringens str. 13 Clostridium sticklandii DSM 519 Clostridium sp. SY8519 Clostridium perfringens SM101 Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 Escherichia coli APEC O1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69 Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328 Haemophilus influenzae 86-028NP Haemophilus influenzae PittGG Helicobacter pylori J99 Helicobacter pylori G27 Helicobacter pylori P12 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Kocuria rhizophila DC2201 Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 23K Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 Leptotrichia buccalis C-1013-b Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Escherichia coli 042 Edwardsiella tarda FL6-60 Proteus mirabilis HI4320 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT02021853 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella dysenteriae Sd197 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435 Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 Streptococcus agalactiae 2603V/R Streptococcus mutans UA159 Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10394 Streptococcus thermophilus LMG 18311 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS9429 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10750 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 Streptococcus gordonii str. Challis substr. CH1 Streptococcus pneumoniae Hungary19A-6 Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 Streptococcus uberis 0140J Streptococcus pneumoniae JJA Streptococcus equi subsp. equi 4047 Streptococcus oralis Uo5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Porphyromonas uenonis 60-3 Prevotella salivae DSM 15606 Cetobacterium somerae ATCC BAA-474 Fusobacterium gonidiaformans 3-1-5R Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Kingella oralis Kingella oralis ATCC 51147 Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas media Aeromonas veronii Cedecea davisae Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 Citrobacter amalonaticus Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia albertii TW07627 Klebsiella aerogenes Salmonella Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Trabulsiella guamensis Trabulsiella guamensis ATCC 49490 Tatumella ptyseos Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301 Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella tarda ATCC 23685 Hafnia alvei Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873 Morganella morganii Morganella morganii subsp. morganii KT Providencia rustigianii DSM 4541 Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Plesiomonas shigelloides 302-73 Legionella pneumophila Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Haemophilus haemolyticus Haemophilus sputorum Francisella tularensis Grimontia hollisae CIP 101886 Vibrio fluvialis Vibrio fluvialis PG41 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio mimicus Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 Treponema denticola Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans Trueperella pyogenes Bifidobacterium gallicum DSM 20093 = LMG 11596 Atopobium minutum 10063974 Lancefieldella rimae ATCC 49626 Olsenella profusa F0195 Collinsella intestinalis DSM 13280 Collinsella stercoris DSM 13279 Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 Bacillus altitudinis Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911 Bacillus firmus DS1 Lysinibacillus sphaericus Listeria grayi Listeria grayi DSM 20601 Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856 Paenibacillus lactis 154 Gemella haemolysans ATCC 10379 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum Abiotrophia defectiva Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 Granulicatella adiacens ATCC 49175 Granulicatella elegans Granulicatella elegans ATCC 700633 Enterococcus asini ATCC 700915 Enterococcus caccae ATCC BAA-1240 Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 12755 Enterococcus cecorum DSM 20682 = ATCC 43198 Enterococcus dispar ATCC 51266 Enterococcus phoeniculicola ATCC BAA-412 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 8700:2 Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMS2-1 Lactobacillus hilgardii DSM 20176 = ATCC 8290 Lactobacillus antri DSM 16041 Lactobacillus gastricus PS3 Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 Lactobacillus vaginalis DSM 5837 = ATCC 49540 Lactobacillus reuteri CF48-3A Lactobacillus reuteri MM4-1A Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 20284 Lactococcus garvieae Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis SK1060 = CCUG 46377 Streptococcus australis ATCC 700641 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus H70 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus MGCS10565 Streptococcus equinus ATCC 9812 Streptococcus infantis ATCC 700779 Streptococcus lutetiensis 033 Streptococcus vestibularis F0396 Clostridium butyricum E4 str. BoNT E BL5262 Clostridium celatum DSM 1785 Clostridium sartagoforme AAU1 Eubacterium ramulus ATCC 29099 Eubacterium ventriosum ATCC 27560 [Eubacterium] cellulosolvens 6 Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 Blautia wexlerae Dorea longicatena DSM 13814 Clostridium asparagiforme DSM 15981 [Clostridium] bolteae ATCC BAA-613 Clostridium citroniae WAL-17108 [Clostridium] hylemonae DSM 15053 [Clostridium] symbiosum WAL-14163 Lachnospira multipara [Ruminococcus] gnavus ATCC 29149 [Ruminococcus] lactaris ATCC 29176 [Ruminococcus] torques ATCC 27756 Oribacterium sinus F0268 Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841 Peptostreptococcus stomatis DSM 17678 Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241 Flavonifractor plautii ATCC 29863 Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus ATCC 29799 Ruminococcus callidus ATCC 27760 Subdoligranulum variabile DSM 15176 [Clostridium] leptum DSM 753 [Bacteroides] pectinophilus ATCC 43243 Eubacterium brachy ATCC 33089 Eubacterium saphenum ATCC 49989 Bulleidia extructa Bulleidia extructa W1219 Eggerthia catenaformis OT 569 = DSM 20559 [Clostridium] innocuum 2959 Clostridium spiroforme [Clostridium] spiroforme DSM 1552 Holdemania filiformis DSM 12042 Kandleria vitulina Kandleria vitulina DSM 20405 Solobacterium moorei F0204 Acidaminococcus intestini Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens YIT 12067 Mitsuokella multacida DSM 20544 Dialister succinatiphilus Dialister succinatiphilus YIT 11850 Megasphaera elsdenii Veillonella atypica ACS-049-V-Sch6 Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748 Anaerococcus hydrogenalis DSM 7454 Anaerococcus vaginalis ATCC 51170 Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270 Peptoniphilus indolicus ATCC 29427 Halococcus morrhuae DSM 1307 Halococcus morrhuae Vibrio cholerae M66-2 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 Clostridioides difficile 630 Clostridioides difficile NAP08 Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 Faecalitalea cylindroides T2-87 Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans ISDg Streptococcus mitis B6 Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 15912 Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213 Streptococcus pasteurianus ATCC 43144 Streptococcus suis GZ1 Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius DSM 446 Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF Alkaliphilus oremlandii OhILAs Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1 Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316 Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901 Clostridium tetani E88 Clostridium novyi NT Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 Clostridium kluyveri NBRC 12016 Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 Deinococcus proteolyticus MRP Desulfotomaculum reducens MI-1 Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 Kribbella flavida DSM 17836 Listeria innocua Clip11262 Listeria welshimeri serovar 6b str. SLCC5334 Macrococcus caseolyticus JCSC5402 Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279 Natranaerobius thermophilus JW/NM-WN-LF Nocardioides sp. JS614 Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus DSM 8903 Dictyoglomus turgidum DSM 6724 Mycoplasma conjunctivae HRC/581 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 Stackebrandtia nassauensis DSM 44728 Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Streptococcus suis BM407 Streptococcus gallolyticus UCN34 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus ATCC 33223 Thermoanaerobacter italicus Ab9 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 Schaalia cardiffensis F0333 Schaalia odontolytica ATCC 17982 Holdemanella biformis DSM 3989 Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Treponema succinifaciens DSM 2489 Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 Agrobacterium vitis S4 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Vibrio fischeri MJ11 Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E Brachyspira hyodysenteriae WA1 Brachyspira murdochii DSM 12563 Brachyspira pilosicoli 95/1000 Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427 Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 Citrobacter rodentium ICC168 Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H Coprothermobacter proteolyticus DSM 5265 Cronobacter turicensis z3032 Cyanothece sp. PCC 7424 Deinococcus deserti VCD115 Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2 Desulfomicrobium baculatum DSM 4028 Dickeya dadantii Ech703 Dickeya zeae Ech1591 Dickeya dadantii Ech586 Dickeya dadantii 3937 Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146 Enterobacter sp. 638 Enterobacter cloacae SCF1 Erwinia tasmaniensis Et1/99 Erwinia amylovora CFBP1430 Erwinia billingiae Eb661 Ferrimonas balearica DSM 9799 Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 Haemophilus parasuis SH0165 Haemophilus influenzae F3047 Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365 Halorhabdus utahensis DSM 12940 Haloterrigena turkmenica DSM 5511 Halothermothrix orenii H 168 Helicobacter acinonychis str. Sheeba Helicobacter pylori B8 Heliobacterium modesticaldum Ice1 Herpetosiphon aurantiacus DSM 785 Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR Ilyobacter polytropus DSM 2926 Jannaschia sp. CCS1 Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 Kosmotoga olearia TBF 19.5.1 Leadbetterella byssophila DSM 17132 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1 Legionella pneumophila str. Lens Legionella longbeachae NSW150 Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli str. CTCB07 Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946 Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060 Mycoplasma genitalium G37 Mycoplasma pulmonis UAB CTIP Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 Mycoplasma mobile 163K Mycoplasma synoviae 53 Mycoplasma arthritidis 158L3-1 Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099 Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 Thermus thermophilus HB27 Sodalis glossinidius str. 'morsitans' Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei str. Goettingen Elusimicrobium minutum Pei191 Alteromonas macleodii str. 'Deep ecotype' Dictyoglomus thermophilum H-6-12 Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27 Mycoplasma fermentans M64 Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 Pantoea ananatis LMG 20103 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida str. Pm70 Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PC1 Pelobacter carbinolicus DSM 2380 Petrotoga mobilis SJ95 Photobacterium profundum SS9 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica ATCC 43949 Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 Psychromonas ingrahamii 37 Rhizobium etli CFN 42 Rhizobium etli CIAT 652 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM1325 Roseiflexus sp. RS-1 Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM 13941 Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114 Roseobacter litoralis Och 149 Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Ruegeria sp. TM1040 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. Sebaldella termitidis ATCC 33386 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Shewanella sp. ANA-3 Shewanella amazonensis SB2B Shewanella sp. W3-18-1 Shewanella baltica OS155 Shewanella loihica PV-4 Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3 Shewanella pealeana ATCC 700345 Shewanella baltica OS195 Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4 Shewanella woodyi ATCC 51908 Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 Shewanella baltica OS223 Shewanella violacea DSS12 Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 Shigella boydii Sb227 Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112 Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 Thermotoga sp. RQ2 Tolumonas auensis DSM 9187 Treponema brennaborense DSM 12168 Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 Vibrio vulnificus YJ016 Vibrio splendidus LGP32 Xenorhabdus bovienii SS-2004 Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 Atlantibacter hermannii NBRC 105704 Klebsiella michiganensis KCTC 1686 Chania multitudinisentens RB-25 Hungatella hathewayi DSM 13479 Veillonella seminalis ACS-216-V-Col6b

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0019167	Cytidine	Uridine	Cytidine deaminase		PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0026010	Cytidine 3'-monophosphate	Cytidine	5'/3'-nucleotidase SurE	Hydrolysis of nucleotide	RHEA	34755880

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Canavan disease	Increased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	16139832
Canavan disease	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	16139832
Frontotemporal dementia		Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Uremia	Slight Increase	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	12675874

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Parabasalia	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Bacteroidetes	242	Human ; Human urine; Human feces; Human appendix biopsy; Human saliva; Human gastric fluid; Human subgingival plaque; Human supragingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Firmicutes	664	Human feces; Human ; Human urine; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque; Human vaginal fluid; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Cattle ; Catfish	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	481	Human feces; Human ; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human sputum; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Cattle ; River trout ; Chicken	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Actinobacteria	190	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Verrucomicrobia	2	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Synergistetes	4	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	3	Human feces; Human ; Human urine; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque; Human vaginal fluid; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Cattle ; Catfish	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Spirochaetes	13	Human feces; Human ; Relapsing fever tick	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Fusobacteria	29	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	7		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Candidatus melainabacteria	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Tenericutes	11	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Planctomycetes	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	5	Human feces; Human ; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human sputum; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Cattle ; River trout ; Chicken	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Tenericutes	1	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	3	Human feces; Human saliva	Unknown
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	4		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chloroflexi	3
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlamydiae	1	Human
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	4
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlorobi	1

Exposure Sources

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference
Drugs - Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.39	0.30			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.26	0.13			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan disease	HMDB	16139832
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.03	1.77			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan disease	HMDB	16139832
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.48	0.23			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	HMDB	23857558
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.22	0.17			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.920	1.230			uM	Children (3 months - 6 years old)	Not Specified	Uremia	HMDB	12675874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.1				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6656991
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<2				uM	Children (3 months - 6 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.07	0.05			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	9129323
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.07	0.05			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9129323
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.08	0.06			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9129323
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.25	0.19			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16139832
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.33	0.17			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16139832
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.44	0.32			uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3390913
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.45	0.31			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.78		0.00	1.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15116424
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.12	0.69			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16139832
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.50	1.34			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16139832
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	3.4	1.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	5.14	3.49			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	7702711
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.0683	0.0749			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.0683	0.0749			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.0787	0.0807			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.0886	0.0760			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.123	0.0900			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.125	0.0812			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.132	0.0808			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.237	0.184			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1.05	0.828			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human All tissues	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

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BiGG ID

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Wikipedia Link

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METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

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PDB ID

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ChEBI ID

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Food Biomarker Ontology

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CMMC Knowledgebase

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General References

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Mahieux R, Suspene R, Delebecque F, Henry M, Schwartz O, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP: Extensive editing of a small fraction of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 genomes by four APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases. J Gen Virol. 2005 Sep;86(Pt 9):2489-2494. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.80973-0. [PubMed:16099907 ]
Eells JT, Spector R: Purine and pyrimidine base and nucleoside concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Neurochem Res. 1983 Nov;8(11):1451-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00965000. [PubMed:6656991 ]
Schrofelbauer B, Yu Q, Zeitlin SG, Landau NR: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces the degradation of the UNG and SMUG uracil-DNA glycosylases. J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(17):10978-87. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.17.10978-10987.2005. [PubMed:16103149 ]
Min IM, Selsing E: Antibody class switch recombination: roles for switch sequences and mismatch repair proteins. Adv Immunol. 2005;87:297-328. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(05)87008-7. [PubMed:16102577 ]
Zhong SQ, Sun LJ, Yan YZ, Sun YQ, Zhong YY: Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on hemorrheology and in auxiliarily treating patients with acute cerebral infarction. Chin J Integr Med. 2005 Jun;11(2):128-31. doi: 10.1007/BF02836469. [PubMed:16150200 ]
Barbour JD, Grant RM: The role of viral fitness in HIV pathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2005 Feb;2(1):29-34. doi: 10.1007/s11904-996-0006-1. [PubMed:16091246 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Cansev M: Uridine and cytidine in the brain: their transport and utilization. Brain Res Rev. 2006 Sep;52(2):389-97. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.05.001. [PubMed:16769123 ]
Huthoff H, Malim MH: Cytidine deamination and resistance to retroviral infection: towards a structural understanding of the APOBEC proteins. Virology. 2005 Apr 10;334(2):147-53. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.038. [PubMed:15780864 ]
Navaratnam N, Sarwar R: An overview of cytidine deaminases. Int J Hematol. 2006 Apr;83(3):195-200. doi: 10.1532/IJH97.06032. [PubMed:16720547 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Cytidine (MMDBc0000023)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2dfcb3e3f0>