MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Succinic acid (MMDBc0000087)

Microbial

Plant

Animal

Pharmaceutical

Xenobiotic

Record Information

Version

2.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:29:54 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-28 02:37:09 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000087

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Succinic acid

Description

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid or TCA cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in mitochondrial function, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, is able to bind several different enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP). Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the entire Krebs cycle. Succinate can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate (PMID 16143825 ). Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, i.e.: Huntington's disease (PMID 11803021 ). Moreover, succinic acid is found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Succinic acid has recently been identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite. High levels of this organic acid can be found in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors. Its oncogenic action appears to due to its ability to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes. In many tumours, oxygen availability becomes limited (hypoxia) very quickly due to rapid cell proliferation and limited blood vessel growth. The major regulator of the response to hypoxia is the HIF transcription factor (HIF-alpha). Under normal oxygen levels, protein levels of HIF-alpha are very low due to constant degradation, mediated by a series of post-translational modification events catalyzed by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes PHD1, 2 and 3, (also known as EglN2, 1 and 3) that hydroxylate HIF-alpha and lead to its degradation. All three of the PHD enzymes are inhibited by succinate. Succinic acid is found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Succinic acid is also a microbial metabolite, urinary succinic acid is produced by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis (PMID: 22292465 ). Succinic acid is also found in Actinobacillus, Anaerobiospirillum, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium and Basfia (PMID: 22292465 ; PMID: 18191255 ; PMID: 26360870 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid	ChEBI
Acide butanedioique	ChEBI
Acide succinique	ChEBI
Acidum succinicum	ChEBI
Amber acid	ChEBI
Asuccin	ChEBI
Bernsteinsaeure	ChEBI
Butandisaeure	ChEBI
Butanedionic acid	ChEBI
Dihydrofumaric acid	ChEBI
e363	ChEBI
Ethylenesuccinic acid	ChEBI
HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH	ChEBI
Spirit OF amber	ChEBI
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate	Generator
Butanedionate	Generator
Dihydrofumarate	Generator
Ethylenesuccinate	Generator
Succinate	Generator
1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acid	MeSH
1,4 Butanedioic acid	MeSH
1,4-Butanedioic acid	MeSH
Ammonium succinate	MeSH
Butanedioic acid	MeSH
Potassium succinate	MeSH
Succinate, ammonium	MeSH
Succinate, potassium	MeSH
1,4-Butanedioate	HMDB
Katasuccin	HMDB
Wormwood acid	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose	ChEBI, HMDB
D-GlcNAc	ChEBI, HMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine	ChEBI, HMDB
N-Acetylchitosamine	ChEBI, HMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamine	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose	HMDB
Acetylglucosamine	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₄H₆O₄

Average Mass

118.088

Monoisotopic Mass

118.02660868

IUPAC Name

butanedioic acid

Traditional Name

succinic acid

CAS Registry Number

110-15-6

SMILES

OC(=O)CCC(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)

InChI Key

KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

C4-dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI:15741 )
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI:15741 )
Dicarboxylic acids (LMFA01170043 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	211 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.53	ALOGPS
logP	-0.4	ChemAxon
logS	0.25	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.55	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	74.6 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	23.54 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	10.14 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823ba	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661a	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0kos-9100000000-f1df0903a24c305e68ec	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0910000000-300c33b39fb991b5a73e	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823ba	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661a	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-f838d863ee7c2b111f02	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00xr-9300000000-f0644daf4fbb11fcc2dc	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dj-9710000000-ff8325384b9eefd19106	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9300000000-f9dc864d93a09d3074f9	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9300000000-76c151de384928b2256f	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-01b9-7900000000-51d2341c097f04827944	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03dj-0971010000-37d214dc7a8fdc26116b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-249222ac742c1634cec9	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-6897d49472dba6a34a27	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0490000000-d138f8023125921b4b82	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-c20baa818f5ff5f678c1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-7a49a18aa6fcb2540a12	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70e	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-7e1f195f111b4eafb4fa	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-00xr-9400000000-e50afc90e20cd420ba9b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-00xr-9600000000-43167f2549cbb5d5f7e8	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-7a8bfa543dc087bea06d	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-fdec6c7458176f3cbeb8	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0gb9-2900000000-9d959a53833b07094158	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0l6r-9600000000-c367e11e737714d41418	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-056r-9000000000-e65aa602a8293debec36	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-2900000000-e1f840494c9003279869	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-7900000000-1089efd4a3469bcf14f1	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0604-9000000000-0e0e60bb202ffb004894	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-05di-9100000000-c629bea41d0d3d896425	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, experimental)		2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 22.53 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)		2014-09-23	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Chromatography Type	Technique	Column	Deposition Date	Retention Time (s)
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH Amide column (eluted)	2025-10-23	286.5
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Accucore 150 Amide HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	217.4
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Hypersil Gold 1.9 µm C18 (void)	2025-10-23	100.6
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	274.4
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm (eluted)	2025-10-23	261.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Ascentis Express C18 (void)	2025-10-23	339.8
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	849.5
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (void)	2025-10-23	294.8
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	897.4
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	198.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	268.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	219.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	64.4
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	460.4
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	787.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	68.5
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	246.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex (eluted)	2025-10-23	799.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	595.0

Retention Indices

Chromatography Type	Peak Label	SMILES	Stationary Phase	Deposition Date	Retention Index
Gas Chromatography	Succinic acid_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1994.98
Gas Chromatography	Succinic acid_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1568.66
Gas Chromatography	Succinic acid_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1866.58
Gas Chromatography	Succinic acid_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1952.33

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Endoplasmic reticulum
Extracellular
Mitochondria
Peroxisome

Biospecimen Locations

Adipose Tissue
Blood
Brain
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Sweat
Urine

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Brain
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191792	Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q99643	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191821	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	P31040	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191850	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	O14521	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191864	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	P21912	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191919	Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Unknown	P51649	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191940	Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal	Unknown	O14832	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191972	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2	Enzyme	O15460	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191974	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	Enzyme	P13674	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192049	Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase	Unknown	O75936	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192119	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1	Unknown	Q02809	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192120	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2	Unknown	O00469	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192121	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Unknown	O60568	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192351	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P55809	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192353	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial	Enzyme	Q9BYC2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192507	Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial	Unknown	P53597	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192509	Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q96I99	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192583	Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9P2R7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192633	Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase	Unknown	Q12797	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192634	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor	Unknown	Q9NWT6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193150	Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier	Enzyme	Q9UBX3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193541	Solute carrier family 13 member 3	Unknown	Q8WWT9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193705	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6	Unknown	O14756	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193768	Solute carrier family 13 member 1	Unknown	Q9BZW2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193882	Solute carrier family 13 member 2	Unknown	Q13183	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193925	Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9NVH6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195435	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2	Unknown	Q6NS38	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195448	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1	Unknown	Q32P28	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195449	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2	Unknown	Q8IVL5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195450	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3	Unknown	Q8IVL6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195859	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3	Enzyme	Q7Z4N8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195895	Lysine-specific demethylase 2A	Enzyme	Q9Y2K7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195896	Lysine-specific demethylase 2B	Enzyme	Q8NHM5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195916	Egl nine homolog 1	Enzyme	Q9GZT9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195917	Egl nine homolog 2	Enzyme	Q96KS0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195918	Egl nine homolog 3	Enzyme	Q9H6Z9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195919	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Enzyme	Q9NXG6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196686	Alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 1	Unknown	Q13686
MMDBp0196862	Lysine-specific demethylase 8	Unknown	Q8N371
MMDBp0196886	Bifunctional lysine-specific demethylase and histidyl-hydroxylase MINA	Unknown	Q8IUF8
MMDBp0196914	Bifunctional lysine-specific demethylase and histidyl-hydroxylase NO66	Unknown	Q9H6W3
MMDBp0196925	Histone lysine demethylase PHF8	Unknown	Q9UPP1
MMDBp0196987	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1	Unknown	Q8NFU7
MMDBp0196988	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2	Unknown	Q6N021
MMDBp0196989	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3	Unknown	O43151

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank
Immunometabolism Pathway (Bacterial Activation)
Immunometabolism Pathway (Viral Activation)
Succinate Signalling
Succinate Signalling During Inflammation
Viral Sepsis

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

This table shows at most 5 pathways. For the full list of associated pathways:

See All Associated Bacterial Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	Species
2-Oxopent-4-enoate Metabolism
2-Oxopent-4-enoate Metabolism 2		Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Mycobacterium marinum M Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Ochrobactrum anthropi Mycobacterium tuberculosis Klebsiella pneumoniae Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC 13350 Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus OF4 Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 Comamonas testosteroni Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas putida Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Shigella sonnei Deinococcus radiodurans Bacillus licheniformis Mycobacterium avium Roseobacter denitrificans Staphylococcus lugdunensis Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans Burkholderia vietnamiensis Enterobacter cancerogenus Bacillus pseudofirmus Achromobacter xylosoxidans Burkholderia multivorans Burkholderia cenocepacia Methylibium petroleiphilum Citrobacter youngae Burkholderia ambifaria Alicycliphilus denitrificans Methylocella silvestris Agrobacterium tumefaciens Klebsiella variicola Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Methylobacterium populi BJ001 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K-10 Mycobacterium avium 104 Escherichia coli 042 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Pseudomonas putida GB-1 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Azorhizobium caulinodans Xanthobacter autotrophicus Alcaligenes faecalis Burkholderia cepacia GG4 Methyloversatilis universalis Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Klebsiella aerogenes Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Legionella pneumophila Acinetobacter pittii Gordonia terrae C-6 Rhodococcus erythropolis Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium casei S18 Brevibacterium linens Streptomyces avermitilis Thermomonospora curvata Bacillus firmus DS1 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856 Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Bordetella pertussis Tohama I Bordetella parapertussis 12822 Ralstonia eutropha H16 Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331 Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius DSM 446 Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 Arthrobacter sp. FB24 Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901 Catenulispora acidiphila DSM 44928 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 Frankia alni ACN14a Frankia sp. EuI1c Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043 Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279 Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977 Mycobacterium sp. Spyr1 Mycobacterium sp. JDM601 Mycobacterium canettii CIPT 140010059 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233 Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Nocardioides sp. JS614 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 Rhodococcus opacus B4 Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Rhodococcus equi 103S Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 Salinispora tropica CNB-440 Sphaerobacter thermophilus DSM 20745 Stackebrandtia nassauensis DSM 44728 Streptomyces scabiei 87.22 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183 Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162 Aspergillus nomiae NRRL 13137 Aspergillus parasiticus SU-1 Aspergillus phoenicis Aspergillus sclerotioniger Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 Aspergillus wentii Aspergillus calidoustus Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 Aspergillus tamarii Aspergillus tubingensis Penicillium brevicompactum Penicillium citrinum Penicillium hordei Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1M Mycolicibacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum DSM 46621 = ATCC 6841 Rhodococcus hoagii ATCC 33707 Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017 Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 Acidovorax sp. JS42 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601 Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii MLHE-1 Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 Azotobacter vinelandii DJ Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica ATCC 9039 Bordetella petrii DSM 12804 Bordetella avium 197N Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1 Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b Burkholderia sp. 383 Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3 Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6 Burkholderia phymatum STM815 Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Burkholderia rhizoxinica HKI 454 Candidatus Koribacter versatilis Ellin345 Caulobacter segnis ATCC 21756 Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl Chloroflexus aggregans DSM 9485 Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424 Cupriavidus necator N-1 Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 Cyanothece sp. PCC 7424 Deinococcus deserti VCD115 Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 Erwinia billingiae Eb661 Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 Granulibacter bethesdensis CGDNIH1 Haloterrigena turkmenica DSM 5511 Hyphomonas neptunium ATCC 15444 Isosphaera pallida ATCC 43644 Jannaschia sp. CCS1 Janthinobacterium sp. Marseille Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 Legionella pneumophila str. Lens Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 Maricaulis maris MCS10 Marinomonas mediterranea MMB-1 Marinomonas posidonica IVIA-Po-181 Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946 Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 Methylocella silvestris BL2 Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444 Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai str. 56601 Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni str. Fiocruz L1-130 Sorangium cellulosum 'So ce 56' Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica ATCC 43949 Polaromonas sp. JS666 Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2 Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus QLW-P1DMWA-1 Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Pseudomonas entomophila L48 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Rhizobium etli CFN 42 Rhodopirellula baltica SH 1 Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 Roseiflexus sp. RS-1 Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM 13941 Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114 Roseobacter litoralis Och 149 Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Shewanella pealeana ATCC 700345 Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4 Shewanella woodyi ATCC 51908 Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 Shigella boydii Sb227 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 Sphingobium japonicum UT26S Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 Synechococcus sp. WH 7803 Teredinibacter turnerae T7901 Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 Variovorax paradoxus EPS Verminephrobacter eiseniae EF01-2 Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 Klebsiella michiganensis KCTC 1686 Chania multitudinisentens RB-25
3-Hydroxypropionate bi-cycle
4-Aminobutanoate Degradation I
Arginine Metabolism		Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli UTI89 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Mycobacterium marinum M Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 Escherichia coli CFT073 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas stutzeri Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC 13350 Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Salmonella enterica Staphylococcus aureus Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 Methanoculleus marisnigri Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 Shewanella denitrificans OS217 Acidaminococcus intestini RyC-MR95 Acinetobacter baumannii Bacillus cereus AH187 (F4810/72) Bacillus halodurans C-125 Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus OF4 Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Blautia hansenii DSM 20583 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 Clostridium saccharolyticum Clostridium sticklandii Methylobacterium nodulans Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301 Parabacteroides distasonis Parabacteroides goldsteinii dnLKV18 Thermus thermophilus Comamonas testosteroni Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas campestris Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria flavescens Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria mucosa Acidiphilium cryptum Chromobacterium violaceum Citrobacter koseri Proteus mirabilis Shigella boydii Shigella dysenteriae Shigella flexneri Shigella sonnei Aeromonas hydrophila Vibrio vulnificus Cytophaga hutchinsonii Rhodopseudomonas palustris Ruminococcus albus Staphylococcus epidermidis Deinococcus radiodurans Bacillus licheniformis Priestia megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus pumilus Bacillus thuringiensis Clostridium butyricum Mycobacterium avium Roseobacter denitrificans Acidothermus cellulolyticus Neisseria subflava Staphylococcus saprophyticus Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Actinosynnema mirum Blautia hydrogenotrophica Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans Desulfotomaculum reducens Burkholderia vietnamiensis Enterobacter cancerogenus Bacillus clausii Bacillus pseudofirmus Achromobacter xylosoxidans Burkholderia multivorans Burkholderia cenocepacia Methylibium petroleiphilum Citrobacter youngae Burkholderia ambifaria Alicycliphilus denitrificans Shewanella denitrificans Methylocella silvestris Escherichia albertii Syntrophus aciditrophicus Agrobacterium tumefaciens Blautia hansenii Clostridium beijerinckii Klebsiella variicola Parabacteroides goldsteinii Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 Acinetobacter baumannii SDF Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27 Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Bacillus cereus B4264 Bacillus cereus AH820 Bacillus cereus G9842 Bacillus cereus Q1 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii str. W23 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 Clostridium sticklandii DSM 519 Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 Escherichia coli APEC O1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69 Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Kocuria rhizophila DC2201 Laribacter hongkongensis HLHK9 Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Methylobacterium populi BJ001 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K-10 Mycobacterium avium 104 Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 Neisseria meningitidis MC58 Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 Neisseria meningitidis FAM18 Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945 Escherichia coli 042 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii CIRM-BIA1 Proteus mirabilis HI4320 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Pseudomonas putida GB-1 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 Ruminococcus albus 7 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT02021853 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella dysenteriae Sd197 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 Bradyrhizobium elkanii Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Azorhizobium caulinodans Xanthobacter autotrophicus Alcaligenes faecalis Burkholderia cepacia GG4 Lautropia mirabilis Lautropia mirabilis ATCC 51599 Laribacter hongkongensis Neisseria macacae Neisseria macacae ATCC 33926 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria mucosa ATCC 25996 Neisseria subflava NJ9703 Nitrosospira multiformis Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas media Aeromonas veronii Cedecea davisae Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 Citrobacter amalonaticus Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia albertii TW07627 Klebsiella aerogenes Salmonella Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Trabulsiella guamensis Trabulsiella guamensis ATCC 49490 Tatumella ptyseos Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301 Hafnia alvei Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873 Providencia rustigianii DSM 4541 Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Plesiomonas shigelloides 302-73 Legionella pneumophila Acinetobacter pittii Acinetobacter haemolyticus Acinetobacter johnsonii SH046 Acinetobacter junii SH205 Grimontia hollisae CIP 101886 Vibrio fluvialis Vibrio fluvialis PG41 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio mimicus Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii str. Howell 279 Corynebacterium amycolatum Corynebacterium aurimucosum Corynebacterium durum Corynebacterium durum F0235 Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Gordonia terrae C-6 Rhodococcus erythropolis Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium casei S18 Brevibacterium linens Microbacterium oleivorans Kocuria palustris PEL Streptomyces avermitilis Thermomonospora curvata Bacillus altitudinis Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911 Bacillus firmus DS1 Lysinibacillus sphaericus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 1.2 Clostridium butyricum E4 str. BoNT E BL5262 Clostridium sartagoforme AAU1 Anaerofustis stercorihominis Anaerofustis stercorihominis DSM 17244 Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 Clostridium asparagiforme DSM 15981 [Clostridium] bolteae ATCC BAA-613 Clostridium citroniae WAL-17108 [Clostridium] symbiosum WAL-14163 [Ruminococcus] gnavus ATCC 29149 Clostridium spiroforme [Clostridium] spiroforme DSM 1552 Acidaminococcus intestini Megasphaera elsdenii Halococcus morrhuae DSM 1307 Halococcus morrhuae Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Bordetella pertussis Tohama I Bordetella parapertussis 12822 Ralstonia eutropha H16 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. B100 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 8004 Vibrio cholerae M66-2 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 Clostridioides difficile 630 Clostridioides difficile NAP08 Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans ISDg Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331 Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius DSM 446 Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1 Arthrobacter sp. FB24 Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 Catenulispora acidiphila DSM 44928 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB 382 Clostridium novyi NT Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 Desulfotomaculum reducens MI-1 Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b Frankia alni ACN14a Frankia sp. EuI1c Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043 Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216 Kribbella flavida DSM 17836 Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279 Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977 Mycobacterium sp. Spyr1 Mycobacterium sp. JDM601 Mycobacterium canettii CIPT 140010059 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233 Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Nocardioides sp. JS614 Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 Rhodococcus opacus B4 Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Rhodococcus equi 103S Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 Salinispora tropica CNB-440 Sphaerobacter thermophilus DSM 20745 Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 Streptomyces scabiei 87.22 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 Thermobispora bispora DSM 43833 Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183 Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162 Aspergillus nomiae NRRL 13137 Aspergillus novofumigatus Aspergillus novofumigatus IBT 16806 Aspergillus phoenicis Aspergillus ruber Aspergillus glaucus Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC 16872 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 Aspergillus wentii Aspergillus fumigatus A1163 Aspergillus tamarii Aspergillus violaceofuscus Penicillium griseofulvum Penicillium hordei Penicillium roqueforti FM164 Penicillium solitum Verticillium alfalfae VaMs.102 Trichoderma arundinaceum Trichoderma asperellum Trichoderma atroviride IMI 206040 Trichoderma citrinoviride Trichoderma harzianum Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichoderma parareesei Trichoderma reesei QM6a Trichoderma virens Trichoderma virens Gv29-8 Fusarium acutatum Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289 Fusarium mangiferae Fusarium nygamai Fusarium proliferatum ET1 Fusarium subglutinans Fusarium verticillioides 7600 Fusarium heterosporum Fusarium equiseti Fusarium oxysporum Fo5176 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 4287 Fusarium austroamericanum Fusarium graminearum PH-1 Fusarium poae Fusarium pseudograminearum CS3096 Fusarium sporotrichioides Fusarium vanettenii Fusarium vanettenii 77-13-4 Fusarium tricinctum Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1M Mycolicibacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum DSM 46621 = ATCC 6841 Rhodococcus hoagii ATCC 33707 Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5 Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 Acidovorax sp. JS42 Acidovorax ebreus TPSY Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 Agrobacterium vitis S4 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601 Vibrio fischeri MJ11 Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii MLHE-1 Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-C Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5 Anaeromyxobacter sp. K Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1 Arcobacter nitrofigilis DSM 7299 Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 Azotobacter vinelandii DJ Bordetella petrii DSM 12804 Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278 Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1 Brucella melitensis bv. 1 str. 16M Brucella abortus bv. 1 str. 9-941 Brucella ovis ATCC 25840 Brucella canis ATCC 23365 Brucella suis ATCC 23445 Brucella abortus S19 Brucella melitensis ATCC 23457 Brucella microti CCM 4915 Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b Burkholderia sp. 383 Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3 Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6 Burkholderia phymatum STM815 Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Burkholderia rhizoxinica HKI 454 Candidatus Koribacter versatilis Ellin345 Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique HTCC1062 Caulobacter crescentus CB15 Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 Caulobacter segnis ATCC 21756 Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427 Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588 Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl Chloroflexus aggregans DSM 9485 Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 Citrobacter rodentium ICC168 Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H Cronobacter turicensis z3032 Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424 Cupriavidus necator N-1 Cyanothece sp. PCC 8801 Cyanothece sp. PCC 7424 Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406 Deinococcus deserti VCD115 Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2 Desulfomicrobium baculatum DSM 4028 Dickeya dadantii Ech703 Dickeya dadantii Ech586 Dickeya dadantii 3937 Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 Enterobacter sp. 638 Enterobacter cloacae SCF1 Erwinia tasmaniensis Et1/99 Erwinia amylovora CFBP1430 Erwinia billingiae Eb661 Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC2594 Ferrimonas balearica DSM 9799 Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 Gramella forsetii KT0803 Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365 Haloterrigena turkmenica DSM 5511 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus c2 Herpetosiphon aurantiacus DSM 785 Hyphomonas neptunium ATCC 15444 Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR Isosphaera pallida ATCC 43644 Jannaschia sp. CCS1 Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1 Legionella pneumophila str. Lens Legionella longbeachae NSW150 Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 Maricaulis maris MCS10 Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 Marinomonas mediterranea MMB-1 Marinomonas posidonica IVIA-Po-181 Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946 Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 Methylobacterium chloromethanicum CM4 Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060 Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 Methylocella silvestris BL2 Microbacterium testaceum StLB037 Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099 Neisseria meningitidis alpha14 Neisseria lactamica 020-06 Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC 19707 Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444 Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 Thermus thermophilus HB27 Synechococcus sp. JA-2-3B'a(2-13) Sorangium cellulosum 'So ce 56' Alteromonas macleodii str. 'Deep ecotype' Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27 Denitrovibrio acetiphilus DSM 12809 Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 Pantoea ananatis LMG 20103 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1 Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida str. Pm70 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PC1 Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366 Phenylobacterium zucineum HLK1 Photobacterium profundum SS9 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica ATCC 43949 Planctomyces limnophilus DSM 3776 Polaromonas sp. JS666 Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2 Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. marinus str. CCMP1375 Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. pastoris str. CCMP1986 Prochlorococcus marinus str. NATL2A Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9312 Prochlorococcus marinus str. AS9601 Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9515 Prochlorococcus marinus str. NATL1A Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a Pseudomonas entomophila L48 Pseudomonas fulva 12-X Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 Psychromonas ingrahamii 37 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Rhizobium etli CFN 42 Rhizobium etli CIAT 652 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM1325 Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB5 Rhodospirillum centenum SW Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252 Roseiflexus sp. RS-1 Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM 13941 Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114 Roseobacter litoralis Och 149 Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Ruegeria sp. TM1040 Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 Salinibacter ruber DSM 13855 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. Segniliparus rotundus DSM 44985 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Shewanella sp. ANA-3 Shewanella amazonensis SB2B Shewanella sp. W3-18-1 Shewanella baltica OS155 Shewanella loihica PV-4 Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3 Shewanella pealeana ATCC 700345 Shewanella baltica OS195 Shewanella halifaxensis HAW-EB4 Shewanella woodyi ATCC 51908 Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 Shewanella violacea DSS12 Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 Shigella boydii Sb227 Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 Sphingobium japonicum UT26S Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 Syntrophus aciditrophicus SB Taylorella equigenitalis MCE9 Teredinibacter turnerae T7901 Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 Variovorax paradoxus EPS Verminephrobacter eiseniae EF01-2 Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 Vibrio vulnificus YJ016 Vibrio splendidus LGP32 Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10331 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria str. 85-10 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A Xenorhabdus bovienii SS-2004 Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae ATCC 29192 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C Atlantibacter hermannii NBRC 105704 Klebsiella michiganensis KCTC 1686 Chania multitudinisentens RB-25

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0018062	N-Succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate	Succinic acid	Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase	Hydrolysis of carbon-nitrogen bond	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018081	Oxoglutaric acid	Succinic acid	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase	Oxygenation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018090	Succinyl-CoA	Succinic acid	Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta	Ligation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018091	Succinic acid	Fumaric acid	Succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit	Dehydrogenation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018135	N2-succinylglutamate	L-Glutamic acid	Succinylglutamate desuccinylase	Hydrolysis of carbon-nitrogen bond	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018145	Succinic acid semialdehyde	Succinic acid	Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] GabD	Dehydrogenation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018146	Succinic acid semialdehyde	Succinic acid	Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] Sad	Dehydrogenation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018275	L-Cysteine	Succinic acid	Cystathionine gamma-synthase	Synthesis	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018424	Succinyl-CoA	Succinic acid	Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial	Ligation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018428	Succinic acid	Fumaric acid	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial	Dehydrogenation	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018589	Methylisocitric acid	Succinic acid	2-methylisocitrate lyase	Non-hydrolytic bond cleavage (or its reversal)	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018590	Succinic acid	Propionic acid	Propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase	Transfer of propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018671	Isocitric acid	Glyoxylic acid	Isocitrate lyase	Non-hydrolytic bond cleavage (or its reversal)	PathBank	31602464

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	1640293
Alzheimer's disease	Increased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	9693263
Canavan disease	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	7729054
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	6774165
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	11999977
Fumarase deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	26078636
Lung cancer	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	18953024
Malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	3709568
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	2		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Spirochaetes	10	Human feces; Human	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	791	Human ; Human feces; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Cattle ; River trout ; Rat ; Turkey ; Sheep ; Dog ; Chicken ; American dog tick ; Lion ; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Firmicutes	831	Human ; Human feces; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human supragingival plaque; Human urine; Human sputum; Human vaginal fluid; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Human mucosa; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Actinobacteria	304	Human ; Human urine; Human feces; Human saliva; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Fusobacteria	39	Human feces; Human	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Bacteroidetes	275	Human feces; Human appendix biopsy; Human ; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human gastric fluid; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human urine	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	2	Goat blood	Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deferribacteres	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Synergistetes	7	Human ; Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chloroflexi	8		Microbial culture
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	36	Human feces; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Unknown
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Verrucomicrobia	3	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	6	Human ; Human feces; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human supragingival plaque; Human urine; Human sputum; Human vaginal fluid; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Human mucosa; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	10		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Candidatus melainabacteria	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Planctomycetes	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Tenericutes	4	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human ; Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	20	Human ; Human feces; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Cattle ; River trout ; Rat ; Turkey ; Sheep ; Dog ; Chicken ; American dog tick ; Lion ; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	10	Human ; Human urine; Human feces; Human saliva; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	4
Bacteria	nah	2
Eukaryota/Fungi	Basidiomycota	3	Human feces
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	11		Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea/Archaea	Crenarchaeota	8		Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Chytridiomycota	1
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Acidobacteria	3
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Aquificae	4
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlamydiae	10	Human ; Sheep ; Cat
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Chlorobi	11
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Gemmatimonadetes	1
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Cyanobacteria	1
Bacteria	Chloroflexi	1		Microbial culture

Exposure Sources

Food Exposures

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference
Drugs - Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Food Additive	U.S. Food and Drug Administration	FDA

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1268322
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			75	185	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<76				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.6	12.13			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.5		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	50				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.787				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.667				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	86.168				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.915	71.807	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	6774165
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19		0	38	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan Disease	HMDB	7729054
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7729054
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.7		1.9	20	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	197.2		29.4	486.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	185.4		6	342.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.6		4	27.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	150	110			uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9693263
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	55		19	91	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	9693263
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	43.35	25.08			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Malnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus)	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.48	3.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	16		0	32	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.25		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			749	784	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	11999977
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2260		60	4460	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.6	3.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Crohn's disease	HMDB	17269711
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.9	5			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.4	4.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	47.2				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9	6			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			4	145	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14		2	112	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		1	78	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	21		<1	66	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		<1	54	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	132.528	151.836			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	1633.528	1822.37			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	23.5				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	21761941
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Genetically At-Risk of celiac disease	HMDB	22432018
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	4.3 (1.6)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12.4 (13.9)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22932811
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Cryptosporidium infection	HMDB	22944170
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Epithelial ovarian cancer	HMDB	23163809
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.3 (5.6)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Down syndrome pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.6 (12.5)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.5	10.83			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.9	6.33			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18	HMDB	23535240
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.2		2.5	13.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.7		1.1	14.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6		0.3	33.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	8.4	2.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<97				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.35 (1.78)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.31 (1.13)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	110				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25012580
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25105552
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	141.698				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<335.0976				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	222				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	250				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	255				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	1.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	27015276
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	HMDB	27275383
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Crohns disease	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Unclassified IBD	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	HMDB	28157703
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28157703
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Gout	HMDB	28270806
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	28270806
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Attachment loss	HMDB	31026179
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Missing teeth	HMDB	31026179
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Periodontal Probing Depth	HMDB	31026179
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			9	360	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4	9.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11.9	24.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			15.7	69.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			20.2	49.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			22	42	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.35	81.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.99		5.66	67.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.76		3.97	85.17	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27065191
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			6.1	11.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	8.8	2.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	28.5		24	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.6	27.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	125.15	180.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15	15.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9.03	5.22			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	24.3	20.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	163.491	191.759			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	467.612	705.456			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	530.857	876.714			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.581	9.663			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	27.897	29.998			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.8		1.25	6.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome	HMDB	Christopher W. ArmstrongNeil R. McGregorDonald P. LewisHenry L. ButtPaul R. Gooley. The association of fecal microbiota and fecal, blood serum and urine metabolites in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metabolomics. January 2017, 13:8
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Christopher W. ArmstrongNeil R. McGregorDonald P. LewisHenry L. ButtPaul R. Gooley. The association of fecal microbiota and fecal, blood serum and urine metabolites in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metabolomics. January 2017, 13:8
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Mette S. SchmedesChristian C et al. Impact of a 6-week very low-calorie diet and weight reduction on the serum and fecal metabolome of overweight subjects. European Food Research and Technology. March 2015, Volume 240, Issue 3, pp 583–594
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			75	185	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency	HMDB	1640293
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	55.0		19.0	91.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	9693263
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19.0		0.0	38.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan Disease	HMDB	7729054
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.787				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.667				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	86.168				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			749	784	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	11999977
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	4.3	1.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	141.698				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.0	6.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	50				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12.4	13.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.31	1.13			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.6	12.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.50	10.83			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7729054
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	23.5				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	47.2				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	110				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25012580
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	222				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	250				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	255				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<335.0976				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<76				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<97				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	1.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.915	71.807	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.6		4.0	27.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11.9	24.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.60	12.13			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	132.528	151.836			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14		2	112	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.4	4.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.48	3.20			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			15.7	69.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	150.0	110.0			uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9693263
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	16.0		0.00	32.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.76		3.97	85.17	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.99		5.66	67.50	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	1633.528	1822.370			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	185.4		6.0	342.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	197.2		29.4	486.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			20.2	49.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	21		<1	66	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			22.0	42.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2260		60.0	4460	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3.0	2.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			4	145	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.35	81.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.7		1.1	14.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.6	3.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.0		0.3	33.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.2		2.5	13.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.5		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.7		1.9	20.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.25		0.5	16.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	8.4	2.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		<1	54	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		1	78	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			9	360	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4	9.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.9	5.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	27.897	29.998			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	467.612	705.456			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.581	9.663			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	163.491	191.759			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<87.14				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	28.5		24	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.8		1.25	6.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			6.10	11.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	8.8	2.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.0	15.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.6	27.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	24.3	20.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9.03	5.22			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	125.15	180.60			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Adipose tissue	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Pancreas	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22932811
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1268322
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27065191
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	28270806
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28157703
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000254

DrugBank ID

DB00139

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Succinic_acid

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

1738118

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15741

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

CMMC Knowledgebase

Not Available

General References

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Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA, Khetrapal CL, Bhandari M: Broad identification of bacterial type in urinary tract infection using (1)h NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res. 2012 Mar 2;11(3):1844-54. doi: 10.1021/pr2010692. Epub 2012 Jan 31. [PubMed:22292465 ]
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Showing metabocard for Succinic acid (MMDBc0000087)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e20d05c78>