MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for D-Glutamic acid (MMDBc0000233)

Microbial

Animal

Pharmaceutical

Xenobiotic

Record Information

Version

2.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:40:43 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-11 01:16:55 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000233

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

D-Glutamic acid

Description

There are two forms of glutamic acid found in nature: L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid. D-glutamic acid, is not endogenously produced in higher mammals. It is found naturally primarily in the cell walls of certain bacteria. D-glutamate is also present in certain foods e.g., soybeans and also arises from the turnover of the intestinal tract microflora, whose cell walls contain significant D-glutamate. Unlike other D-amino acids, D-glutamate is not oxidized by the D-amino acid oxidases, and therefore this detoxification pathway is not available for handling D-glutamate. Likewise, D-glutamic acid, when ingested, largely escapes most deamination reactions (unlike the L-counterpart). Free D-glutamate is found in mammalian tissue at surprisingly high levels, with D-glutamate accounting for 9% of the total glutamate present in liver. D-glutamate is the most potent natural inhibitor of glutathione synthesis identified to date and this may account for its localization to the liver, since circulating D-glutamate may alter redox stabiity (PMID 11158923 ). Certain eels are known to use D-glutamic acid as a phermone for chemical communication. D-Glutamic acid has been found to be a metabolite of Lactobacillus (PMID: 22754309 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(R)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	ChEBI
D-2-Aminoglutaric acid	ChEBI
D-Glutaminic acid	ChEBI
D-Glutaminsaeure	ChEBI
DGL	ChEBI
Glutamic acid D-form	ChEBI
(R)-2-Aminopentanedioate	Generator
D-2-Aminoglutarate	Generator
D-Glutaminate	Generator
Glutamate D-form	Generator
D-Glutamate	Generator
(2R)-2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
(2R)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
D-2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
D-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
delta-2-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
delta-2-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
delta-2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
delta-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
delta-Glutamate	HMDB
delta-Glutamic acid	HMDB
delta-Glutaminate	HMDB
delta-Glutaminic acid	HMDB
delta-Glutaminsaeure	HMDB
Glutamate	HMDB
Lopac-g-2128	HMDB
Lopac-gamma-2128	HMDB
R-(-)-Glutamate	HMDB
R-(-)-Glutamic acid	HMDB
Tocris-0217	HMDB
Glutamic acid, (D)-isomer	HMDB
L Glutamic acid	HMDB
L-Glutamate	HMDB
L-Glutamic acid	HMDB
D Glutamate	HMDB
Glutamate, potassium	HMDB
L-Glutamate, aluminum	HMDB
Aluminum L glutamate	HMDB
Glutamic acid	HMDB
L Glutamate	HMDB
Aluminum L-glutamate	HMDB
Potassium glutamate	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₅H₉NO₄

Average Mass

147.1293

Monoisotopic Mass

147.053157781

IUPAC Name

(2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid

Traditional Name

D-glutamic acid

CAS Registry Number

6893-26-1

SMILES

N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m1/s1

InChI Key

WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-GSVOUGTGSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Glutamic acid and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Glutamic acid or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
D-alpha-amino acid
Amino fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

D-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15966 )
glutamic acid (CHEBI:15966 )
Other amino acids (C00217 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	80.6 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ALOGPS
logP	-3.2	ChemAxon
logS	-0.26	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.88	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.54	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	100.62 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	31.29 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.19 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0k9x-9300000000-a43e0122a45b9abf09d6	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dl-9240000000-53c8c708191dfcd550d0	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-ad4a2989e599a67182c0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-c449cfd2231fe941d44f	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-1900000000-f71458032a132069f94f	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-7900000000-810570c8cfcea8da64f5	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-d5167570d11d77fd541e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-c7d42b011a328bb7991d	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-001i-9300000000-9fd882f84339f600b5eb	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-407a30a35de9c1cceb3a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-8610ea89d52ef116caf5	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-331b7ed6ea33880c306e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-3900000000-58248bb2a0c7ddc905cf	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0zgi-9600000000-076b628a6858a60a475f	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-bd3823a5fab8a2d9b62c	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-1900000000-11233b5887638266e512	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0fba-4900000000-1e8ea62e3fbd8467396f	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0abc-9100000000-6c956e122b59de69a472	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0f89-4900000000-c467fa409affedc9ab85	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-9100000000-ddda6500978ea1670dcf	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-4c6639c8639f077b57a0	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0059-4900000000-503f6a47bc72662de09c	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0ugi-3900000000-ec06b29308ff068bf7a2	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-e06c31345e8a86e71de1	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-25	View Spectrum

Chromatographic Retention Times and Retention Indices

Retention Times

Chromatography Type	Technique	Column	Deposition Date	Retention Time (s)
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH Amide column (eluted)	2025-10-23	531.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH Amide column (eluted)	2025-10-23	531.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Accucore 150 Amide HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	400.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Accucore 150 Amide HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	400.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Hypersil Gold 1.9 µm C18 (void)	2025-10-23	39.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Hypersil Gold 1.9 µm C18 (void)	2025-10-23	39.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	220.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	220.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm (eluted)	2025-10-23	287.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm (eluted)	2025-10-23	287.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Ascentis Express C18 (void)	2025-10-23	318.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Ascentis Express C18 (void)	2025-10-23	318.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	484.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	484.2
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	836.1
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	836.1
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	854.6
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	854.6
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	182.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	182.7
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	480.3
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (eluted)	2025-10-23	480.3
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	195.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (void)	2025-10-23	195.1
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	40.7
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	40.7
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	478.6
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	478.6
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	725.9
Liquid Chromatography	HILIC	Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column (eluted)	2025-10-23	725.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	67.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (eluted)	2025-10-23	67.9
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	277.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (void)	2025-10-23	277.0
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex (eluted)	2025-10-23	677.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex (eluted)	2025-10-23	677.2
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	584.5
Liquid Chromatography	Reversed-phase	Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) (eluted)	2025-10-23	584.5

Retention Indices

Chromatography Type	Peak Label	SMILES	Stationary Phase	Deposition Date	Retention Index
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](N)C(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1896.54
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](N)CCC(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2093.39
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_3	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1752.92
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_4	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2444.66
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_5	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2101.31
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_6	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1669.75
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_7	C[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1919.94
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_8	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1851.84
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_9	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1661.73
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_10	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	2522.61
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_11	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard non polar	2025-10-23	1645.57
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](N)C(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	2213.41
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_2	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](N)CCC(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1676.53
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_3	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	1883.09
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_4	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1696.97
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_5	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O	standard polar	2025-10-23	2098.89
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_6	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2405.03
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_7	C[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2127.15
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_8	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2171.91
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_9	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1835.31
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_10	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	1880.47
Gas Chromatography	D-Glutamic acid_TMS_11	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	standard polar	2025-10-23	2116.09

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Breast Milk
Epidermis
Feces
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Neuron
Placenta
Saliva
Spleen
Testis
Urine

Tissue Locations

Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Neuron
Placenta
Spleen
Testis

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0192314	Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial	Enzyme	Q9UI32	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192319	Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial	Enzyme	O94925	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Microbial Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	Species
D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism
Lys-type Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis		Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli UTI89 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Mycobacterium marinum M Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z Escherichia coli CFT073 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas stutzeri Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC 13350 Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Streptococcus pneumoniae Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT) Salmonella enterica Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Helicobacter pylori Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20 Clostridium perfringens Clostridium sporogenes Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 Lactobacillus fermentum IFO 3956 Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 Shewanella denitrificans OS217 Acidaminococcus fermentans DSM 20731 Acidaminococcus intestini RyC-MR95 Acinetobacter baumannii Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 Alistipes finegoldii DSM 17242 Anaerococcus prevotii DSM 20548 Anaerostipes caccae Anaerostipes hadrus Arcobacter butzleri RM4018 Bacillus cereus AH187 (F4810/72) Bacillus halodurans C-125 Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus OF4 Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Bacteroides caccae Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Bacteroides eggerthii Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides fragilis 638R Bacteroides fragilis YCH46 Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides stercoris Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 Bacteroides vulgatus Bacteroides xylanisolvens XB1A Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium adolescentis Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium longum DJO10A Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum JDM301 Bifidobacterium mongoliense DSM 21395 Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 Blautia hansenii DSM 20583 Blautia obeum A2-162 Blautia obeum ATCC 29174 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus 82-40 Campylobacter hominis ATCC BAA-381 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 Clostridium saccharolyticum Clostridium sticklandii Collinsella aerofaciens Coprococcus catus GD/7 Dorea formicigenerans ATCC 27755 Dysgonomonas gadei ATCC BAA-286 Eggerthella lenta DSM 2243 Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 Eubacterium eligens ATCC 27750 Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 Geobacter metallireducens Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1 Limosilactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus paracasei Lactobacillus reuteri Megamonas hypermegale Methylobacterium nodulans Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301 Odoribacter splanchnicus DSM 20712 Parabacteroides distasonis Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 Parabacteroides goldsteinii dnLKV18 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica DSM 20707 Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 Prevotella intermedia Prevotella ruminicola 23 Roseburia hominis A2-183 Ruminococcus bicirculans Ruminococcus champanellensis 18P13 = JCM 17042 Ruminococcus torques L2-14 Streptococcus salivarius lactobacillus crispatus lactobacillus jensenii lactobacillus vaginalis Buchnera aphidicola Pelobacter carbinolicus Spirochaeta thermophila Campylobacter concisus Campylobacter curvus Campylobacter lari Campylobacter rectus Campylobacter showae Thermus thermophilus Comamonas testosteroni Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas campestris Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Methylococcus capsulatus Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria flavescens Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria mucosa Acidiphilium cryptum Chromobacterium violaceum Citrobacter koseri Proteus mirabilis Shigella boydii Shigella dysenteriae Shigella flexneri Shigella sonnei Aeromonas hydrophila Vibrio vulnificus Bacteroides uniformis Campylobacter gracilis Fusobacterium gonidiaformans Fusobacterium periodonticum Fusobacterium ulcerans Syntrophomonas wolfei Desulfovibrio salexigens Desulfovibrio piger Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Cytophaga hutchinsonii Capnocytophaga ochracea Capnocytophaga sputigena Rhodopseudomonas palustris Chlorobium phaeobacteroides Leuconostoc mesenteroides Ruminococcus albus Staphylococcus epidermidis Deinococcus radiodurans Streptococcus gordonii Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus sanguinis Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus equinus Streptococcus equi Streptococcus uberis Enterococcus gallinarum Lancefieldella rimae Bacillus licheniformis Priestia megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus pumilus Bacillus thuringiensis Clostridium butyricum Moorella thermoacetica Clostridium kluyveri Clostridium novyi Weissella confusa Lactobacillus delbrueckii Lactobacillus helveticus Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus gasseri Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus amylovorus Lactobacillus coryniformis Lactobacillus salivarius Listeria monocytogenes Actinomyces viscosus Bifidobacterium angulatum Cellulomonas flavigena Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium glutamicum Mycobacterium avium Desulfobacterium autotrophicum Methanosphaera stadtmanae Thermotoga neapolitana Xylella fastidiosa Roseobacter denitrificans Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Staphylococcus lugdunensis Acidothermus cellulolyticus Campylobacter upsaliensis Alistipes putredinis Neisseria subflava Staphylococcus saprophyticus Pelobacter propionicus Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Enterococcus avium Lactobacillus johnsonii Eubacterium brachy Helicobacter pullorum Thiobacillus denitrificans Helicobacter bilis Enterococcus casseliflavus Eubacterium eligens Eubacterium ramulus Eubacterium ventriosum Sulfurimonas denitrificans Veillonella atypica Veillonella dispar Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Leptotrichia buccalis Actinosynnema mirum Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus Enterococcus cecorum Streptococcus cristatus Mitsuokella multacida Brachyspira pilosicoli Enterococcus durans Blautia hydrogenotrophica Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans Desulfotomaculum reducens Burkholderia vietnamiensis Holdemania filiformis Sodalis glossinidius Streptococcus peroris Enterobacter cancerogenus Alloprevotella tannerae Streptococcus constellatus Bifidobacterium gallicum Bacillus clausii Bacillus pseudofirmus Lactobacillus amylolyticus Clostridium methylpentosum Bacillus selenitireducens Achromobacter xylosoxidans Burkholderia multivorans Dorea longicatena Peptacetobacter hiranonis Burkholderia cenocepacia Actinomyces urogenitalis Methylibium petroleiphilum Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans Citrobacter youngae Leuconostoc kimchii Collinsella stercoris Lactobacillus iners Streptococcus lutetiensis Burkholderia ambifaria Prevotella copri Ilyobacter polytropus Marvinbryantia formatexigens Anaerotruncus colihominis Alicycliphilus denitrificans Desulfovibrio magneticus Shewanella denitrificans Methylocella silvestris Bacteroides massiliensis Escherichia albertii Subdoligranulum variabile Dialister invisus Geobacter bemidjiensis Lactobacillus gastricus Lactobacillus antri Lactobacillus ultunensis Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae Bacteroides nordii Bacteroides plebeius Phocaeicola coprocola Bacteroides pyogenes Geobacter lovleyi Streptococcus gallolyticus Syntrophus aciditrophicus Bacteroides intestinalis Bacteroides salanitronis Coprococcus comes Actinomyces oris Bacteroides fluxus Bacteroides oleiciplenus Bacteroides faecis Agrobacterium tumefaciens Alistipes finegoldii Alistipes shahii Bacteroides helcogenes Bacteroides xylanisolvens Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium catenulatum Blautia hansenii Blautia obeum Campylobacter coli Campylobacter hominis Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium beijerinckii Dorea formicigenerans Dysgonomonas gadei Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus hirae Fusobacterium nucleatum Gemella sanguinis Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella variicola Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus ruminis Lactococcus lactis Leuconostoc citreum Odoribacter splanchnicus Parabacteroides goldsteinii Porphyromonas asaccharolytica Prevotella ruminicola Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus parasanguinis Streptococcus suis Streptococcus thermophiles Veillonella parvula Gemella haemolysans Rothia dentocariosa Rothia mucilaginosa Granulicatella adiacens Actinomyces graevenitzii Barnesiella intestinihominis Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 Acinetobacter baumannii SDF Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5b str. L20 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 3 str. JL03 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 str. AP76 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum DSM 20595 Atopobium parvulum DSM 20469 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27 Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Bacillus cereus B4264 Bacillus cereus AH820 Bacillus cereus G9842 Bacillus cereus Q1 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii str. W23 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 Bartonella quintana str. Toulouse Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AD011 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Buchnera aphidicola str. APS (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Sg (Schizaphis graminum) Buchnera aphidicola str. Bp (Baizongia pistaciae) Buchnera aphidicola str. 5A (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei 269.97 Campylobacter curvus 525.92 Campylobacter concisus 13826 Campylobacter lari RM2100 Capnocytophaga ochracea DSM 7271 Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX Chlamydia trachomatis A/HAR-13 Chlamydia trachomatis L2b/UCH-1/proctitis Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 Clostridium perfringens str. 13 Clostridium botulinum A str. Hall Clostridium botulinum B1 str. Okra Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 Clostridium sticklandii DSM 519 Clostridium sp. SY8519 Clostridium perfringens SM101 Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii DSM 44385 Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 Cryptobacterium curtum DSM 15641 Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 Escherichia coli APEC O1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69 Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328 Haemophilus influenzae 86-028NP Haemophilus influenzae PittGG Helicobacter pylori J99 Helicobacter pylori G27 Helicobacter pylori P12 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Kocuria rhizophila DC2201 Kytococcus sedentarius DSM 20547 Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 23K Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 Lactobacillus helveticus DPC 4571 Lactobacillus amylovorus GRL 1112 Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 Laribacter hongkongensis HLHK9 Leptotrichia buccalis C-1013-b Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Methanosphaera stadtmanae DSM 3091 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Methylobacterium populi BJ001 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 Mobiluncus curtisii ATCC 43063 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K-10 Mycobacterium avium 104 Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 Neisseria meningitidis MC58 Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 Neisseria meningitidis FAM18 Neisseria meningitidis 053442 Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945 Tropheryma whipplei str. Twist Escherichia coli 042 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 Edwardsiella tarda FL6-60 Filifactor alocis ATCC 35896 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 25745 Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii CIRM-BIA1 Proteus mirabilis HI4320 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Pseudomonas putida GB-1 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 Rothia mucilaginosa DY-18 Rothia dentocariosa ATCC 17931 Ruminococcus albus 7 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT02021853 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella dysenteriae Sd197 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Spirosoma linguale DSM 74 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435 Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3 Streptococcus agalactiae 2603V/R Streptococcus mutans UA159 Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10394 Streptococcus thermophilus LMG 18311 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS9429 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10270 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10750 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 Streptococcus gordonii str. Challis substr. CH1 Streptococcus pneumoniae Hungary19A-6 Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 Streptococcus uberis 0140J Streptococcus pneumoniae JJA Streptococcus equi subsp. equi 4047 Streptococcus oralis Uo5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 Wolinella succinogenes DSM 1740 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838 Bacteroides eggerthii 1_2_48FAA Bacteroides fluxus YIT 12057 Bacteroides graminisolvens Bacteroides graminisolvens DSM 19988 = JCM 15093 Bacteroides intestinalis DSM 17393 Bacteroides nordii CL02T12C05 Bacteroides oleiciplenus YIT 12058 Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 Bacteroides pyogenes DSM 20611 = JCM 6294 Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 Bacteroides xylanisolvens SD CC 1b Bacteroides sp. 1_1_14 Bacteroides sp. 1_1_30 Bacteroides sp. 2_1_22 Bacteroides sp. 2_2_4 Bacteroides sp. D2 Bacteroides sp. D20 Bacteroides sp. D22 Barnesiella intestinihominis YIT 11860 Butyricimonas virosa Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 Porphyromonas endodontalis Porphyromonas uenonis 60-3 Alloprevotella tannerae ATCC 51259 Paraprevotella clara YIT 11840 Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 Prevotella bivia DSM 20514 Prevotella buccae ATCC 33574 Prevotella denticola Prevotella disiens FB035-09AN Prevotella loescheii DSM 19665 = JCM 12249 = ATCC 15930 Prevotella oralis ATCC 33269 Prevotella pallens ATCC 700821 Prevotella salivae DSM 15606 Prevotella shahii DSM 15611 = JCM 12083 Prevotella timonensis CRIS 5C-B1 Alistipes indistinctus YIT 12060 Alistipes putredinis DSM 17216 Parabacteroides johnsonii DSM 18315 Parabacteroides sp. D13 Bacteroides coprophilus DSM 18228 = JCM 13818 Bacteroides dorei DSM 17855 Spirosoma linguale Chlorobium limicola Cetobacterium somerae ATCC BAA-474 Fusobacterium gonidiaformans 3-1-5R Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis 4_8 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis 7_1 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis D11 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii 4_1_13 Fusobacterium periodonticum 1_1_41FAA Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii Bartonella quintana Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Azorhizobium caulinodans Xanthobacter autotrophicus Rickettsia rickettsii Alcaligenes faecalis Burkholderia cepacia GG4 Lautropia mirabilis Lautropia mirabilis ATCC 51599 Parasutterella excrementihominis YIT 11859 Sutterella parvirubra Sutterella parvirubra YIT 11816 Laribacter hongkongensis Eikenella corrodens Eikenella corrodens ATCC 23834 Kingella oralis Kingella oralis ATCC 51147 Neisseria cinerea ATCC 14685 Neisseria elongata Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica ATCC 29315 Neisseria macacae Neisseria macacae ATCC 33926 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria mucosa ATCC 25996 Neisseria subflava NJ9703 Nitrosospira multiformis Methyloversatilis universalis Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 Desulfococcus oleovorans Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6 Desulfovibrio piger ATCC 29098 Arcobacter butzleri Campylobacter gracilis RM3268 Campylobacter hyointestinalis Campylobacter rectus RM3267 Campylobacter showae CSUNSWCD Campylobacter upsaliensis JV21 Helicobacter bilis ATCC 43879 Helicobacter pullorum MIT 98-5489 Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas media Aeromonas veronii Succinatimonas hippei Succinatimonas hippei YIT 12066 Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Allochromatium vinosum Cedecea davisae Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 Citrobacter amalonaticus Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia albertii TW07627 Klebsiella aerogenes Salmonella Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Trabulsiella guamensis Trabulsiella guamensis ATCC 49490 Tatumella ptyseos Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301 Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella tarda ATCC 23685 Hafnia alvei Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873 Morganella morganii Morganella morganii subsp. morganii KT Providencia rustigianii DSM 4541 Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Plesiomonas shigelloides 302-73 Legionella pneumophila Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Haemophilus haemolyticus Haemophilus sputorum Acinetobacter pittii Acinetobacter haemolyticus Acinetobacter johnsonii Acinetobacter johnsonii SH046 Acinetobacter junii SH205 Francisella tularensis Grimontia hollisae CIP 101886 Vibrio fluvialis Vibrio fluvialis PG41 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio mimicus Chlamydia trachomatis Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 Leptospira interrogans Borrelia recurrentis Treponema denticola Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans Actinomyces graevenitzii C83 Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii str. Howell 279 Actinomyces urogenitalis DSM 15434 Actinomyces viscosus C505 Mobiluncus curtisii Trueperella pyogenes Bifidobacterium stercoris JCM 15918 Bifidobacterium angulatum DSM 20098 = JCM 7096 Bifidobacterium boum Bifidobacterium catenulatum DSM 16992 = JCM 1194 = LMG 11043 Bifidobacterium gallicum DSM 20093 = LMG 11596 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCUG 52486 Bifidobacterium mongoliense Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum DSM 20438 = JCM 1200 = LMG 10505 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum Bifidobacterium thermophilum Scardovia inopinata F0304 Corynebacterium amycolatum Corynebacterium aurimucosum Corynebacterium durum Corynebacterium durum F0235 Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum SK141 Gordonia terrae C-6 Rhodococcus erythropolis Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium casei S18 Brevibacterium linens Microbacterium oleivorans Kocuria palustris PEL Rothia aeria F0474 Cellulosimicrobium cellulans Tropheryma whipplei Propionibacterium Streptomyces avermitilis Thermomonospora curvata Atopobium minutum 10063974 Lancefieldella rimae ATCC 49626 Olsenella profusa F0195 Collinsella intestinalis DSM 13280 Collinsella stercoris DSM 13279 Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 Cryptobacterium curtum Slackia exigua ATCC 700122 Slackia piriformis YIT 12062 Bacillus altitudinis Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911 Bacillus firmus DS1 Lysinibacillus sphaericus Listeria grayi Listeria grayi DSM 20601 Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856 Paenibacillus lactis 154 Gemella haemolysans ATCC 10379 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum Abiotrophia defectiva Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 Granulicatella adiacens ATCC 49175 Granulicatella elegans Granulicatella elegans ATCC 700633 Enterococcus asini ATCC 700915 Enterococcus caccae ATCC BAA-1240 Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 12755 Enterococcus cecorum DSM 20682 = ATCC 43198 Enterococcus dispar ATCC 51266 Enterococcus phoeniculicola ATCC BAA-412 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 8700:2 Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMS2-1 Lactobacillus amylolyticus DSM 11664 Lactobacillus iners DSM 13335 Lactobacillus ultunensis DSM 16047 Lactobacillus hilgardii DSM 20176 = ATCC 8290 Lactobacillus ruminis ATCC 25644 Lactobacillus salivarius DSM 20555 = ATCC 11741 Lactobacillus antri DSM 16041 Lactobacillus coleohominis 101-4-CHN Lactobacillus gastricus PS3 Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 Lactobacillus vaginalis DSM 5837 = ATCC 49540 Lactobacillus reuteri CF48-3A Lactobacillus reuteri MM4-1A Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis CECT 5711 Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 20284 Pediococcus pentosaceus Leuconostoc lactis Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris ATCC 19254 Oenococcus oeni Weissella cibaria Weissella paramesenteroides Weissella paramesenteroides ATCC 33313 Lactococcus garvieae Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis SK1060 = CCUG 46377 Streptococcus australis ATCC 700641 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus H70 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus MGCS10565 Streptococcus equinus ATCC 9812 Streptococcus infantis ATCC 700779 Streptococcus lutetiensis 033 Streptococcus vestibularis F0396 Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 1.2 Clostridium butyricum E4 str. BoNT E BL5262 Clostridium celatum DSM 1785 Clostridium sartagoforme AAU1 Anaerofustis stercorihominis Anaerofustis stercorihominis DSM 17244 Eubacterium ramulus ATCC 29099 Eubacterium ventriosum ATCC 27560 [Eubacterium] cellulosolvens 6 Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus ATCC 23263 Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662 Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 Blautia wexlerae Coprococcus comes ATCC 27758 Dorea longicatena DSM 13814 Clostridium asparagiforme DSM 15981 [Clostridium] bolteae ATCC BAA-613 Clostridium citroniae WAL-17108 [Clostridium] hylemonae DSM 15053 [Clostridium] symbiosum WAL-14163 Lachnospira multipara [Ruminococcus] gnavus ATCC 29149 [Ruminococcus] lactaris ATCC 29176 [Ruminococcus] torques ATCC 27756 Oribacterium sinus F0268 Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841 Peptostreptococcus stomatis DSM 17678 Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241 Flavonifractor plautii ATCC 29863 Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus ATCC 29799 Ruminococcus callidus ATCC 27760 Ruminococcus champanellensis Subdoligranulum variabile DSM 15176 [Clostridium] leptum DSM 753 [Eubacterium] siraeum DSM 15702 [Bacteroides] pectinophilus ATCC 43243 Mogibacterium timidum Mogibacterium timidum ATCC 33093 Eubacterium brachy ATCC 33089 Eubacterium saphenum ATCC 49989 Bulleidia extructa Bulleidia extructa W1219 Eggerthia catenaformis OT 569 = DSM 20559 [Clostridium] innocuum 2959 Clostridium spiroforme [Clostridium] spiroforme DSM 1552 Holdemania filiformis DSM 12042 Kandleria vitulina Kandleria vitulina DSM 20405 Solobacterium moorei F0204 Acidaminococcus intestini Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens YIT 12067 Mitsuokella multacida DSM 20544 Dialister invisus DSM 15470 Dialister succinatiphilus Dialister succinatiphilus YIT 11850 Megasphaera elsdenii Veillonella atypica ACS-049-V-Sch6 Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748 Anaerococcus hydrogenalis DSM 7454 Anaerococcus vaginalis ATCC 51170 Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270 Peptoniphilus harei ACS-146-V-Sch2b Peptoniphilus indolicus ATCC 29427 Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Borrelia burgdorferi ZS7 Bordetella pertussis Tohama I Bordetella parapertussis 12822 Ralstonia eutropha H16 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. B100 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 8004 Vibrio cholerae M66-2 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 Clostridioides difficile 630 Clostridioides difficile NAP08 Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Eggerthella sp. YY7918 Faecalitalea cylindroides T2-87 Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans ISDg Lactobacillus ruminis ATCC 27782 Leuconostoc citreum KM20 Streptococcus mitis B6 Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 15912 Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213 Streptococcus pasteurianus ATCC 43144 Streptococcus suis GZ1 Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331 Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius DSM 446 Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF Alkaliphilus oremlandii OhILAs Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1 Arthrobacter sp. FB24 Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 Beutenbergia cavernae DSM 12333 Bifidobacterium dentium Bd1 Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316 Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator MP104C Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901 Catenulispora acidiphila DSM 44928 Cellulomonas flavigena DSM 20109 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB 382 Clostridium tetani E88 Clostridium novyi NT Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 Clostridium kluyveri NBRC 12016 Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Corynebacterium jeikeium K411 Corynebacterium glutamicum R Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109 Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100 Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 Deinococcus proteolyticus MRP Desulfotomaculum reducens MI-1 Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b Frankia alni ACN14a Frankia sp. EuI1c Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14019 Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043 Jonesia denitrificans DSM 20603 Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216 Kribbella flavida DSM 17836 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 Lactobacillus crispatus ST1 Leuconostoc kimchii IMSNU 11154 Listeria innocua Clip11262 Listeria welshimeri serovar 6b str. SLCC5334 Macrococcus caseolyticus JCSC5402 Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279 Mycobacterium leprae TN Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977 Mycobacterium leprae Br4923 Mycobacterium sp. Spyr1 Mycobacterium sp. JDM601 Mycobacterium canettii CIPT 140010059 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233 Natranaerobius thermophilus JW/NM-WN-LF Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Nocardioides sp. JS614 Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 13129 Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus DSM 8903 Dictyoglomus turgidum DSM 6724 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Thermobaculum terrenum ATCC BAA-798 Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 Rhodococcus opacus B4 Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Rhodococcus equi 103S Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017 Salinispora tropica CNB-440 Sanguibacter keddieii DSM 10542 Slackia heliotrinireducens DSM 20476 Sphaerobacter thermophilus DSM 20745 Stackebrandtia nassauensis DSM 44728 Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Streptococcus suis BM407 Streptococcus gallolyticus UCN34 Streptomyces scabiei 87.22 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus ATCC 33223 Thermoanaerobacter italicus Ab9 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 Thermobispora bispora DSM 43833 Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183 Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162 Xylanimonas cellulosilytica DSM 15894 Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1M Schaalia cardiffensis F0333 Schaalia odontolytica ATCC 17982 Schaalia turicensis ACS-279-V-Col4 Mycolicibacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum DSM 46621 = ATCC 6841 Rhodococcus hoagii ATCC 33707 Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici ATCC 4875 Cutibacterium granulosum DSM 20700 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris Anaerobutyricum hallii DSM 3353 Absiella dolichum DSM 3991 Holdemanella biformis DSM 3989 Bacteroides helcogenes P 36-108 Bacteroides salanitronis DSM 18170 Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Treponema succinifaciens DSM 2489 Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017 Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5 Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 Acidovorax sp. JS42 Acidovorax ebreus TPSY Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 Agrobacterium vitis S4 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601 Vibrio fischeri MJ11 Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii MLHE-1 Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-C Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5 Anaeromyxobacter sp. K Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1 Anaplasma marginale str. Florida Aquifex aeolicus VF5 Arcobacter nitrofigilis DSM 7299 Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 Azotobacter vinelandii DJ Bartonella bacilliformis KC583
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis		Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 Escherichia coli UTI89 Escherichia coli 55989 Escherichia coli SE11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z Escherichia coli CFT073 Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas stutzeri Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 Salmonella enterica Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20 Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 Shewanella denitrificans OS217 Acinetobacter baumannii Bacillus cereus AH187 (F4810/72) Bacillus timonensis 10403023 Geobacter metallireducens Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1 Methylobacterium nodulans Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301 Pelobacter carbinolicus Comamonas testosteroni Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas campestris Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mesorhizobium loti Sinorhizobium meliloti Methylococcus capsulatus Citrobacter koseri Proteus mirabilis Shigella boydii Shigella dysenteriae Shigella flexneri Shigella sonnei Aeromonas hydrophila Cytophaga hutchinsonii Rhodopseudomonas palustris Bacillus licheniformis Priestia megaterium Bacillus thuringiensis Desulfobacterium autotrophicum Xylella fastidiosa Roseobacter denitrificans Pelobacter propionicus Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Brachyspira pilosicoli Burkholderia vietnamiensis Sodalis glossinidius Enterobacter cancerogenus Achromobacter xylosoxidans Burkholderia multivorans Burkholderia cenocepacia Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans Citrobacter youngae Burkholderia ambifaria Alicycliphilus denitrificans Shewanella denitrificans Methylocella silvestris Escherichia albertii Geobacter bemidjiensis Geobacter lovleyi Syntrophus aciditrophicus Agrobacterium tumefaciens Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella variicola Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 Acinetobacter baumannii SDF Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5b str. L20 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 3 str. JL03 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 str. AP76 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens str. C58 Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Bacillus cereus B4264 Bacillus cereus AH820 Bacillus cereus G9842 Bacillus cereus Q1 Priestia megaterium DSM 319 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii str. W23 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 Escherichia coli APEC O1 Escherichia coli E24377A Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69 Escherichia coli UMN026 Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 Escherichia coli ED1a Escherichia coli IAI39 Haemophilus influenzae 86-028NP Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Methylobacterium populi BJ001 Escherichia coli 042 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 Edwardsiella tarda FL6-60 Proteus mirabilis HI4320 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Pseudomonas putida GB-1 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304 Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT02021853 Shigella sonnei Ss046 Shigella dysenteriae Sd197 Shigella flexneri 5 str. 8401 Spirosoma linguale DSM 74 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3 Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758 Bacteroides graminisolvens Bacteroides graminisolvens DSM 19988 = JCM 15093 Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 Prevotella buccae ATCC 33574 Prevotella oralis ATCC 33269 Spirosoma linguale Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Methylobacterium mesophilicum Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR1.6/6 Rhizobium etli Xanthobacter autotrophicus Alcaligenes faecalis Burkholderia cepacia GG4 Methyloversatilis universalis Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 Desulfococcus oleovorans Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6 Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas media Aeromonas veronii Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Allochromatium vinosum Cedecea davisae Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 Citrobacter amalonaticus Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220 Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia albertii TW07627 Klebsiella aerogenes Salmonella Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Trabulsiella guamensis Trabulsiella guamensis ATCC 49490 Tatumella ptyseos Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301 Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella tarda ATCC 23685 Hafnia alvei Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873 Morganella morganii Morganella morganii subsp. morganii KT Providencia rustigianii DSM 4541 Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens Db11 Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Plesiomonas shigelloides 302-73 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Haemophilus haemolyticus Haemophilus sputorum Acinetobacter pittii Acinetobacter haemolyticus Acinetobacter johnsonii Acinetobacter johnsonii SH046 Acinetobacter junii SH205 Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 Leptospira interrogans Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium casei S18 Ralstonia eutropha H16 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. B100 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 8004 Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 Bacillus cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans ISDg Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Mycobacterium sp. Spyr1 Bacillus tusciae DSM 2912 Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1M Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196 Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 Acidovorax sp. JS42 Acidovorax ebreus TPSY Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 Agrobacterium vitis S4 Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601 Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-C Anaeromyxobacter sp. K Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1 Azotobacter vinelandii DJ Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica ATCC 9039 Bordetella avium 197N Brachyspira hyodysenteriae WA1 Brachyspira murdochii DSM 12563 Brachyspira pilosicoli 95/1000 Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278 Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1 Brucella melitensis bv. 1 str. 16M Brucella abortus bv. 1 str. 9-941 Brucella ovis ATCC 25840 Brucella canis ATCC 23365 Brucella suis ATCC 23445 Brucella abortus S19 Brucella melitensis ATCC 23457 Brucella microti CCM 4915 Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b Burkholderia sp. 383 Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229 Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3 Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6 Burkholderia phymatum STM815 Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Candidatus Koribacter versatilis Ellin345 Caulobacter crescentus CB15 Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 Caulobacter segnis ATCC 21756 Cellvibrio japonicus Ueda107 Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588 Citrobacter rodentium ICC168 Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H Cronobacter turicensis z3032 Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424 Cupriavidus necator N-1 Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406 Desulfobacterium autotrophicum HRM2 Desulfococcus oleovorans Hxd3 Desulfomicrobium baculatum DSM 4028 Dickeya dadantii Ech703 Dickeya zeae Ech1591 Dickeya dadantii Ech586 Dickeya dadantii 3937 Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146 Enterobacter sp. 638 Enterobacter cloacae SCF1 Erwinia tasmaniensis Et1/99 Erwinia amylovora CFBP1430 Erwinia billingiae Eb661 Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC2594 Flavobacterium psychrophilum JIP02/86 Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 Geobacter lovleyi SZ Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem Geobacter sp. FRC-32 Geobacter sp. M18 Gramella forsetii KT0803 Granulibacter bethesdensis CGDNIH1 Haemophilus parasuis SH0165 Haemophilus influenzae F3047 Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus c2 Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans Hyphomonas neptunium ATCC 15444 Jannaschia sp. CCS1 Janthinobacterium sp. Marseille Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis JB197 Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 Marinomonas posidonica IVIA-Po-181 Methylobacterium chloromethanicum CM4 Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060 Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 Methylocella silvestris BL2 Methylovorus glucosetrophus SIP3-4 Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444 Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai str. 56601 Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni str. Fiocruz L1-130 Sodalis glossinidius str. 'morsitans' Sorangium cellulosum 'So ce 56' Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc strain 'Patoc 1 (Paris)' Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii DSM 11347 Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 Pantoea ananatis LMG 20103 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1 Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida str. Pm70 Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PC1 Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366 Pelobacter carbinolicus DSM 2380 Pelobacter propionicus DSM 2379 Phenylobacterium zucineum HLK1 Photobacterium profundum SS9 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica ATCC 43949 Polaromonas sp. JS666 Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a Pseudomonas entomophila L48 Pseudomonas fulva 12-X Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 Rhizobium etli CFN 42 Rhizobium etli CIAT 652 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM1325 Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB5 Rhodospirillum centenum SW Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114 Roseobacter litoralis Och 149 Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Ruegeria sp. TM1040 Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Shewanella sp. ANA-3 Shewanella amazonensis SB2B Shewanella sp. W3-18-1 Shewanella baltica OS155 Shewanella baltica OS195 Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 Shigella boydii Sb227 Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419 Sphingobium japonicum UT26S Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans MPOB Syntrophus aciditrophicus SB Tolumonas auensis DSM 9187 Variovorax paradoxus EPS Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria str. 85-10 Xenorhabdus bovienii SS-2004 Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 Xylella fastidiosa 9a5c Xylella fastidiosa Temecula1 Xylella fastidiosa M23 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae ATCC 29192 Atlantibacter hermannii NBRC 105704 Klebsiella michiganensis KCTC 1686 Chania multitudinisentens RB-25
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis I

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

This table shows at most 20 reactions. For the full list of associated reactions:

See All Associated Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0018052	L-Glutamic acid	D-Glutamic acid	Glutamate racemase	Racemization	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018053	D-Glutamine	D-Glutamic acid	Glutaminase 2		PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018055	D-Glutamic acid	UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate	UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase	Ligation	PathBank	31602464

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Frontotemporal dementia	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Schizophrenia	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	17276036

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Apicomplexa	1		Microbial culture
Eukaryota	Apicomplexa	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Actinobacteria	3	Human	Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Synergistetes	2		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Firmicutes	19	Human ; Human feces; Human urine; Human sputum	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	3		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	5	Human ; Human feces; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Thermodesulfobacteria	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Bacteroidetes	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Fusobacteria	1	Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human ; Human urine; Human feces; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	2	Goat blood	Microbial culture

Exposure Sources

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference
Drugs - Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.429				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Gamma-glutamyltransferase deficiency	HMDB	238530
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0.014	0.2	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	238530
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.9	3.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Crohn's Disease	HMDB	17269711
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17269711
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative Colitis	HMDB	17269711
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	156	90			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	HMDB	17276036
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	82	8			uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Premature	HMDB	17622957
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	19006102
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19006102
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	HMDB	21330412
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21330412
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.6				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0064				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	ADPKD	HMDB	21389975
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	21761941
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	38.26	29.05			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	43.79	10.57			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	HMDB	23857558
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	47.82	18.36			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	67.51	75.14			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.5		3.3	18.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	1600	320			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	52.21 (14.83)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	56.4 (12.69)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	11117				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	11382				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	8923				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	27015276
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Crohns disease	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Unclassified IBD	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	880	680			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	490	390			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.5	19.8			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	123.84	110.2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.9	7.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.5	6.75			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	13.5	8.75			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	43.4	55.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	8.91	3.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	38.26	29.05			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0064				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	ADPKD	HMDB	21389975
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	43.79	10.57			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.429				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Gamma-glutamyltransferase deficiency	HMDB	238530
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	47.82	18.36			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	56.4	12.69			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	156.0	90.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	HMDB	17276036
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.6				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	8923				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	11117				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	11382				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2.0				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3168222
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0.0140	0.200	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	238530
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	1600	320			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	490	390			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	67.51	75.14			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.9	3.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.5		3.3	18.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	880	680			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27624970
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	13.5	8.75			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.5	19.8			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.5	6.75			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14.9	7.60			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	43.4	55.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	8.91	3.90			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	123.84	110.2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Testis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17269711
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	19006102
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21330412
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0003339

DrugBank ID

DB02517

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Glutamic acid

METLIN ID

6895

PubChem Compound

23327

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15966

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

CMMC Knowledgebase

Not Available

General References

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Meyer W, Poehling HM, Neurand K: Intraepidermal distribution of free amino acids in porcine skin. J Dermatol Sci. 1991 Sep;2(5):383-92. doi: 10.1016/0923-1811(91)90033-t. [PubMed:1742249 ]
Emi M, Wilson DE, Iverius PH, Wu L, Hata A, Hegele R, Williams RR, Lalouel JM: Missense mutation (Gly----Glu188) of human lipoprotein lipase imparting functional deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 5;265(10):5910-6. [PubMed:1969408 ]
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Ahlman B, Andersson K, Leijonmarck CE, Ljungqvist O, Hedenborg L, Wernerman J: Short-term starvation alters the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994 Jun;86(6):653-62. doi: 10.1042/cs0860653. [PubMed:7914846 ]
Mally MI, Cirulli V, Hayek A, Otonkoski T: ICA69 is expressed equally in the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Diabetologia. 1996 Apr;39(4):474-80. doi: 10.1007/BF00400680. [PubMed:8777998 ]
Canal N, Nemni R: Autoimmunity and diabetic neuropathy. Clin Neurosci. 1997;4(6):371-3. [PubMed:9358982 ]
Raj D, Langford M, Krueger S, Shelton M, Welbourne T: Regulatory responses to an oral D-glutamate load: formation of D-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;280(2):E214-20. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.2.E214. [PubMed:11158923 ]
Maechler P, Gjinovci A, Wollheim CB: Implication of glutamate in the kinetics of insulin secretion in rat and mouse perfused pancreas. Diabetes. 2002 Feb;51 Suppl 1:S99-102. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s99. [PubMed:11815466 ]
Luo J, Kaplitt MG, Fitzsimons HL, Zuzga DS, Liu Y, Oshinsky ML, During MJ: Subthalamic GAD gene therapy in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):425-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1074549. [PubMed:12376704 ]
Nagai A, Suzuki Y, Baek SY, Lee KS, Lee MC, McLarnon JG, Kim SU: Generation and characterization of human hybrid neurons produced between embryonic CNS neurons and neuroblastoma cells. Neurobiol Dis. 2002 Oct;11(1):184-98. doi: 10.1006/nbdi.2002.0501. [PubMed:12460557 ]
Danke NA, Koelle DM, Yee C, Beheray S, Kwok WW: Autoreactive T cells in healthy individuals. J Immunol. 2004 May 15;172(10):5967-72. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5967. [PubMed:15128778 ]
Nielsen C, Hansen D, Husby S, Jacobsen BB, Lillevang ST: No allelic variation in genes with high gliadin homology in patients with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. Immunogenetics. 2004 Aug;56(5):375-8. doi: 10.1007/s00251-004-0696-8. Epub 2004 Aug 7. [PubMed:15309343 ]
Guariso G, Brotto F, Basso D, Alaggio R, Betterle C: Organ-specific autoantibodies in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2004 Dec;9(6):622-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00274.x. [PubMed:15610075 ]
Majid SM, Liss AS, You M, Bose HR: The suppression of SH3BGRL is important for v-Rel-mediated transformation. Oncogene. 2006 Feb 2;25(5):756-68. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209107. [PubMed:16186799 ]
Bill JR, Mack DG, Falta MT, Maier LA, Sullivan AK, Joslin FG, Martin AK, Freed BM, Kotzin BL, Fontenot AP: Beryllium presentation to CD4+ T cells is dependent on a single amino acid residue of the MHC class II beta-chain. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):7029-37. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.7029. [PubMed:16272364 ]
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Showing metabocard for D-Glutamic acid (MMDBc0000233)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f2e257c75e0>