| Description | Actinomyces naeslundii is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that thrives in environments with temperatures around 37°C, indicating its mesophilic preference. As a heterotroph, it derives energy from organic compounds, utilizing carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This microbe is predominantly found in the oral cavity, specifically as part of the normal flora of the mouth and throat, but can also inhabit other body sites such as the gastrointestinal tract and, occasionally, the female urogenital tract. The gram-positive nature of Actinomyces naeslundii is characterized by its thick peptidoglycan layer, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process, giving it a purple appearance under the microscope. Its rod shape enables it to form filaments, a feature often associated with its ability to form complex communities with other bacteria in biofilms, particularly in dental plaque. The mesophilic nature of A. naeslundii allows it to thrive at human body temperature, making it well-adapted to colonize human mucosal surfaces. As a heterotrophic organism, A. naeslundii plays a crucial role in the breakdown of organic matter within the oral microbiome, contributing to the complex dynamics of microbial interactions that are essential for maintaining oral health. Its facultative anaerobic capability means it can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, allowing it to adapt to the fluctuating oxygen levels often found in the mouth. Interestingly, Actinomyces naeslundii has been studied for its potential role in the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Its ability to adhere to tooth surfaces and form biofilms can lead to an imbalance in the oral microbiome, which may contribute to dental plaque formation and subsequent oral health issues. Additionally, some strains of this bacterium have been investigated for their potential therapeutic properties, including their ability to produce antimicrobial substances that could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. |
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